On ergodic stopping and impulsive control problems for nonuniformly ergodic Markov processes

In this paper we study optimal stopping and impulse control with a long-run average cost functional for ergodic Markov processes, which transition semigroupP _t converges uniformly on compact sets to a unique invariant measure, ast. We restrict the class of strategies to so-called stopping rules and obtain continuity of value functions and characterization of optimal rules.     

Easy, inexpensive and effective oxidative iodination of deactivated arenes in sulfuric acid

Two ‘model’ deactivated arenes, benzoic acid and nitrobenzene, were effectively monoiodinated within 1 h at 25-30 °C, with strongly electrophilic I⁺ reagents, prior prepared from diiodine and various oxidants (CrO₃, KMnO₄, active MnO₂, HIO₃, NaIO₃, or NaIO₄) in 90% (v/v) concd sulfuric acid (ca. 75 mol% H₂SO₄). Next, an I₂/NaIO₃/90% (v/v) concd H₂SO₄ exemplary system was used to effectively mono- or diiodinate a number of deactivated arenes. All former papers dealing with the direct iodination of deactivated arenes are briefly reviewed.     

Electron collisions with trifluorides: BF3 and PF3 molecules

Absolute total cross sections (TCSs) for electron scattering from boron trifluoride (BF(3)) and phosphorus trifluoride (PF(3)) molecules have been measured using a linear transmission method. The electron energy ranges from 0.6 to 370 eV for BF(3) and from 0.5 to 370 eV for PF(3). The TCS energy dependence for BF(3) exhibits two very pronounced enhancements: resonantlike narrow feature located near 3.6 eV with the maximum value of 19.2 x 10(-20) m(2), and intermediate energy very broad enhancement with two humps, one centered around 21 eV (18.8 x 10(-20) m(2) in the maximum) and the other near 45 eV (19.5 x 10(-20) m(2)). For PF(3) the TCS has quite different low-energy dependence: at 0.5 eV it has a high value of 70 x 10(-20) m(2) and decreases steeply towards higher energies. Beyond the minimum near 5.5 eV, the TCS reveals two distinct humps: the resonant one centered near 11 eV with the peak value of 32.9 x 10(-20) m(2) and the second one much broader around 35 eV (27.9 x 10(-20) m(2)). The present TCSs for trifluorides are compared to each other as well as to previous TCS data for selected perfluorides and to results for their perhydrided counterparts. The differences and similarities in the shape and magnitude of TCSs are pointed out.     

Selective Reduction of the N-O Bond in Heteroaromatic N-Oxides by TiCl4/SnCl2

Heteroaromatic N-oxides bearing various functionalities are readily and selectively converted under mild conditions into the corresponding bases using TiCl₄/SnCl₂.     

Electrochemical Behavior of Cobaltocene in Ionic Liquids

The electrochemical behavior of cobaltocenium has been studied in a number of room temperature aprotic ionic liquids. Well defined, diffusion controlled, anodic and cathodic peaks were found for the Cc⁺/Cc (cobaltocenium/cobaltocene) reduction/oxidation on gold, platinum and glassy carbon electrodes. Values of the peak separation parameters suggest quasireversibility or even irreversibility for the redox process. The difference between the ferrocene/ferrocenium and cobaltocenium/cobaltocene couples has been evaluated as equal to (1.350 ± 0.020) V. Values of the cobaltocenium (Cc⁺) diffusion coefficients D have been calculated on the basis of the Randles–Sevcik equation.     

[11]Anthrahelicene on TiO2 surfaces

Helicenes are carbon-rich materials with an ordered structure that possess interesting and remarkable electronic, chiroptical, mechanical and magnetic properties either in bulk or as single molecule devices. We report on the first attempt to anchor and organize [11]anthrahelicene ([11]AH) molecules onto a metal oxide surface. Molecular structures obtained on the (110) and (011) faces of rutile titania are characterized using scanning probe microscopy. On the (110) surface, [11]AH molecules form islands that are comprised of small domains of two types that are mirror reflections of each other and have an ordered quasi-hexagonal lattice. In contrast, molecules form unordered clusters on the (011) surface. Single molecules on both faces are imaged with sub-molecular resolution.