Vector potential theory on nonsmooth domains in R<Superscript>3</Superscript> and applications to electromagnetic scattering

We study boundary value problems for the time-harmonic form of the Maxwell equations, as well as for other related systems of equations, on arbitrary Lipschitz domains in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. The main goal is to develop the corresponding theory for L^p-integrable bounday data for optimal values of p's. We also discuss a number of relevant applications in electromagnetic scattering.     

Evolution of shapes in 59Cu

High-spin states in ⁵⁹Cu were populated using the fusion-evaporation reaction ²⁸Si + ⁴⁰Ca at a beam energy of 122 MeV. The Gammasphere Ge-detector array in conjunction with the 4π charged-particle detector array Microball allowed for the detection of γ-rays in coincidence with evaporated light particles. The resulting extensive high-spin decay scheme of ⁵⁹Cu is presented, which comprises more than 320 γ-ray transitions connecting about 150 excited states. Their spins and parities have been assigned via directional correlations of γ-rays emitted from oriented states. Average quadrupole moments of rotational bands have been determined from the analysis of residual Doppler shifts. Shell model calculations in the fp shell are invoked to study some of the low-spin states, while the experimental characteristics of the rotational bands are analyzed in the configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky (CNS) approach. Received: 15 February 2002 / Accepted: 23 April 2002     

Observation of a quadrupole plasmon mode for a colloidal solution of gold nanoprisms

The synthesis and optical properties of single crystalline gold nanoprisms have been investigated. A three-step mediated seed growth process in an aqueous solution generated gold nanoprisms with a relatively homogeneous size distribution. The purity of these nanostructures has allowed us to observe a weak quadrupole resonance in addition to a strong dipole resonance associated with these novel structures. The experimental optical spectra agree with discrete dipole approximation calculations that have been modeled from the dimensions of gold nanoprisms produced in this synthesis.     

Diastereofacial solid phase synthesis and self-promoted cleavage of a [2.2.1] bicyclic diversity scaffold

[reaction: see text]. We have previously described a diastereofacially selective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of isomünchnones with vinyl ethers. While adapting this methodology for solid phase synthesis, we discovered a chemoselective and self-promoted linker aminolysis that provides liberated product in high purity, at a significantly enhanced rate. Herein we describe the implementation of a chiral auxiliary as a solid-phase linker, the detailed investigation of its unique aminolysis, and the utility of this cleavage within a chemical diversity format.     

Methyl scanning: total synthesis of demethylasterriquinone B1 and derivatives for identification of sites of interaction with and isolation of its receptor(s)

The principle of methyl scanning is proposed for determination of the sites of interaction between biologically active small molecules and their macromolecular target(s). It involves the systematic preparation of a family of methylated derivatives of a compound and their biological testing. As a functional assay, the method can identify the regions of a molecule that are important (and unimportant) for biological activity against even unknown targets, and thus provides an excellent complement to structural biology. Methyl scanning was applied to demethylasterriquinone B1, a small-molecule mimetic of insulin. A new, optimal total synthesis of this natural product was developed that enables the family of methyl scan derivatives to be concisely prepared for evaluation in a cellular assay. The results of this experiment were used to design a biotin-demethylasterriquinone conjugate for use as an affinity reagent. This compound was prepared in tens of milligram quantities in a four-step synthesis.     

Amperometric detection of hydrazine by cyclic voltammetry and flow injection analysis using ruthenium modified glassy carbon electrodes

Glassy carbon electrodes modified with (5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline)bis(bipyridine)ruthium(II) chloride hydrate, [(bpy)₂Ru(5-phenNH₂)]Cl₂·H₂O, are shown to oxidize hydrazine with excellent sensitivity. The presence of an amine group on the ruthenium complex facilitates electropolymerization onto the electrode surface. Using cyclic voltammetry, a large catalytic current is observed upon oxidation of hydrazine in phosphate buffer (pH 5.0), compared to the current obtained from the ruthenium-modified electrode with no hydrazine present. The sensitivity of cyclic voltammetry is sufficient for obtaining a linear calibration curve for hydrazine over the range of 10⁻⁵ to 10⁻² M. Hydrodynamic amperometry was used to determine the working potential for flow injection analysis. The limit of detection for hydrazine was determined to be 8.5 μM using FIA. The thickness of these films was shown to increase linearly with the number of electropolymerization cycles, in the range of 1000-2500 nm for 5-20 cycles, respectively, using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). RBS analysis also suggests that the film is multilayered with the outermost layers containing a high ruthenium concentration, followed by layers where the concentration of ruthenium decreases linearly and approaches zero at the electrode surface.     

An improved procedure for the preparation of 2-amino-8-alkylpyrido-[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones (8-alkyl-N5-deazapterins)

We report an improved procedure for the preparation of 8-alkyl-N5-deazapterins which allows clean preparation of all ring-methyl substituted compounds, including 5- and 7-methyl substituted compounds. The procedure was also successfully applied to the preparation of N5-deazapterins with improved yield over previous reports. The uv/visible and pKa data confirm the predicted increased basicity of 8-alkyl-N5-deazapterins compared with the N5-deazapterin parents, and indicate that N5-deazapterins protonate on N8 and 8-alkyl-N5-deazapterins protonate on N3.