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1.
A test procedure for evaluating the effect of adding commercial liquid hand dishwashing detergents to kitchen sponges to control microbial growth is described. Claims for this type of application are being made on dishwashing detergents throughout the world. In this evaluation, commercially available kitchen sponges were stripped of antimicrobial compounds. Sponges were then inoculated with a pool of 7 microorganisms which consisted of gram positives, gram negatives, and yeast. Inoculated sponges were treated with the detergent as recommended by the manufacturer and allowed to incubate for 16 h at ambient temperature. Surviving microorganisms were then quantitated using either the spiral or pour plate method. Tests were run using both clean sponges and sponges soiled with 0.5% nonfat dry milk (NFDM). Untreated sponges showed stasis or slightly increased bacterial populations after the incubation period in the absence of NFDM. Significant increases of up to 3 log cfu/mL were observed for untreated sponges when soiled with NFDM. Statistically significant reductions were observed for clean sponges (99.8-99.9998%) and sponges soiled with NFDM (87.6-99.9%) when detergents making "antibacterial sponge" claims were added to the inoculated sponges. Statistically significant differences between detergents making "antibacterial sponge" claims were also observed. 相似文献
2.
Dewald EL Suter LJ Landen OL Holder JP Schein J Lee FD Campbell KM Weber FA Pellinen DG Schneider MB Celeste JR McDonald JW Foster JM Niemann C Mackinnon AJ Glenzer SH Young BK Haynam CA Shaw MJ Turner RE Froula D Kauffman RL Thomas BR Atherton LJ Bonanno RE Dixit SN Eder DC Holtmeier G Kalantar DH Koniges AE Macgowan BJ Manes KR Munro DH Murray JR Parham TG Piston K Van Wonterghem BM Wallace RJ Wegner PJ Whitman PK Hammel BA Moses EI 《Physical review letters》2005,95(21):215004
The first hohlraum experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) using the initial four laser beams tested radiation temperature limits imposed by plasma filling. For a variety of hohlraum sizes and pulse lengths, the measured x-ray flux shows signatures of filling that coincide with hard x-ray emission from plasma streaming out of the hohlraum. These observations agree with hydrodynamic simulations and with an analytical model that includes hydrodynamic and coronal radiative losses. The modeling predicts radiation temperature limits with full NIF (1.8 MJ), greater, and of longer duration than required for ignition hohlraums. 相似文献
3.
The axioms of iteration 2-theories capture, up to isomorphism, the equational properties of iteration in conjunction with horizontal and vertical composition in all algebraically complete categories. We give a concrete representation of the free iteration 2-theory generated by a 2-signature. 相似文献
4.
Ernie Croot 《Journal of Number Theory》2007,126(2):237-253
In this paper we develop a method for determining the number of integers without large prime factors lying in a given set S. We will apply it to give an easy proof that certain sufficiently dense sets A and B always produce the expected number of “smooth” sums a+b, a∈A, b∈B. The proof of this result is completely combinatorial and elementary. 相似文献
5.
Leibniz algebras are certain generalization of Lie algebras. In this paper, we give the classification of four-dimensional non-Lie nilpotent Leibniz algebras. We use the canonical forms for the congruence classes of matrices of bilinear forms and some other techniques to obtain our result. 相似文献
6.
A. Boeuf R. Caciuffo J.M. Fournier L. Manes J. Rebizant E. Roudaut F. Rustichelli 《Solid State Communications》1984,52(4):451-453
A powder neutron diffraction study has been carried out on 239PuN, which was reported to be antiferromagnetic below T = 13 K. No magnetic ordering has been detected at 4K, the limit of the magnetic ordering which could be detected being μord = 0.25μB per Pu atom. Moreover a neutron scattering length determination of 239Pu was performed which gave a value of b239Pu = (0.81 ± 0.05) × 10-12 cm at neutron wavelength . 相似文献
7.
8.
Ernie Manes 《Topology and its Applications》2010,157(5):961-989
Let T be a submonad of the ultrafilter monad β and let G be a subfunctor of the filter functor. The T-algebras are topological spaces whose closed sets are the subalgebras and form thereby an equationally definable full subcategory of topological spaces. For appropriate T, countably generated free algebras provide ZFC examples of separable, Urysohn, countably compact, countably tight spaces which are neither compact nor sequential, and c2 non-homeomorphic such examples exist. For any space X, say that U⊂X is G-open if U belongs to every ultrafilter in GX which converges in U. The full subcategory TopG consists of all G-spaces, those spaces in which every G-open set is open. Each TopG has at least these stability properties: it contains all Alexandroff spaces, and is closed under coproducts, quotients and locally closed subspaces. Examples include sequential spaces, P-spaces and countably tight spaces. T-algebras are characterized as the T-compact, T-Hausdorff T-spaces. Malyhin's theorem on countable tightness generalizes verbatim to TopG for any G⊂β. For r∈ω?=βω\ω, let Gr be the subfunctor of β generated by r and let Tr be the generated submonad. If RK? is the Rudin-Keisler preorder on ω?, rRK?s⇔Gr⊂Gs. Let c? be the Comfort preorder and define the monadic preorderrm?s to mean Tr⊂Ts. Then rRK?s⇒rm?s⇒rc?s. It follows that there exist c2 monadic types. For each such type Tr, the Tr-algebras form an equationally definable full subcategory of topological spaces with only one operation of countably infinite arity. No two of these varieties are term equivalent nor is any one a full subcategory of another inside topological spaces. Say that r∈ω? is an m-point if Gr≠Tr. Under CH, m-points exist. 相似文献
9.
Darren Dale Sol M. Gruner Joel Brock Don Bilderback Ernie Fontes 《Synchrotron Radiation News》2013,26(6):4-11
There is growing excitement in the synchrotron materials science community about the potential of nearly diffraction-limited, high-repetition rate, hard X-ray sources, such as an Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) or an Ultimate Storage Ring (USR), and that these sources will pave the way to scientific insights and discoveries not possible with existing facilities. These future sources will deliver highly coherent, nearly diffraction-limited X-ray beams that will power ultra-intense, nanometer-scale X-ray probes and imaging capabilities approaching atomic resolution. They will produce X-ray pulses at MHz to GHz repetition rates and span pulse durations from below 50 femtoseconds to tens of picoseconds, enabling new classes of experiments in hard X-ray science. 相似文献
10.
Ismail?Demir Kailash?C.?MisraEmail author Ernie?Stitzinger 《Algebras and Representation Theory》2016,19(2):405-417
Leibniz algebras are certain generalization of Lie algebras. In this paper we give classification of non-Lie solvable (left) Leibniz algebras of dimension ≤ 8 with one dimensional derived subalgebra. We use the canonical forms for the congruence classes of matrices of bilinear forms to obtain our result. Our approach can easily be extended to classify these algebras of higher dimensions. We also revisit the classification of three dimensional non-Lie solvable (left) Leibniz algebras. 相似文献