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1.
2.
It is long known that the Fokker-Planck equation with prescribed constant coefficients of diffusion and linear friction describes
the ensemble average of the stochastic evolutions in velocity space of a Brownian test particle immersed in a heat bath of
fixed temperature. Apparently, it is not so well known that the same partial differential equation, but now with constant
coefficients which are functionals of the solution itself rather than being prescribed, describes the kinetic evolution (in
the N→∞ limit) of an
isolated
N-particle system with certain stochastic interactions. Here we discuss in detail this recently discovered interpretation.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
3.
Guido Wauters Jacques Dewaele Carlo Vandecasteele Richard Dams 《Mikrochimica acta》1989,98(4-6):157-162
Proton activation analysis was used for the determination of cadmium and lead in three sediment reference materials. The method is based on the111,112Cd(p, xn)111 In and the206,207,208Pb(p, xn)206Bi reactions.111In and206Bi were chemically separated by anion exchange. The results obtained were taken into account for the certification of the materials and are in the excellent agreement with the certified values. 相似文献
4.
5.
R. Pizzoferrato L. Lagonigro T. Ziller A. Di Carlo R. Paolesse F. Mandoj A. Ricci C. Lo Sterzo 《Chemical physics》2004,300(1-3):217-225
We study the infrared emission at 1.54 μm of an organolanthanide complex, Er(III)-tetraphenylporphyrin [Er(TPP)acac], both as a result of direct optical excitation and via energy transfer from host π-conjugate polymers of type poly(arylene–ethynylene) [PAE]. In the first case, the emission of the neat complex is characterized in inert transparent materials and a value of the quantum yield at 1.54 μm φIR=4×10−4 is measured. Then, fluorescence resonance transfer is investigated in blends of Er(TPP)acac with PAEs by monitoring the quenching of the polymer fluorescence along with the enhancement of both the visible emission of the ligand and the near-infrared band of Er3+. These different procedures allow a detailed analysis of the transfer efficiency within a specific implementation of the Förster model for polymeric donors. The experimental values of the critical radius R0, ranging from 1.3 to 2.5 nm for the different blends, are in good agreement with theory for a wide interval of the physical and spectroscopic parameters. This suggests that other mechanisms for excitation transfer do not play a significant role in these materials. 相似文献
6.
Some nickel, copper, and silver salts or complexes are efficient catalysts for the oxidation of benzylic ethers with oxygen in 1,2-dimethoxyethane. Salts of the weakly coordinating anion trifluoroacetate are particularly efficient, approaching (and, in some cases, improving) the yields obtained with cobalt(II) chloride, the best catalyst so far reported. 相似文献
7.
8.
B. Savo P. Romano A. Nigro R. Di Leo 《Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications》2002,370(4):275-280
The flat voltage noise component of current biased, high-transparency Nb/AlOx/Nb superconducting tunnel junctions has been investigated at frequencies up to 70 kHz. Several aspects of the analyzed phenomena suggest the presence of current noise effects induced by the discreteness of the charge carriers. At subgap voltages, where excess currents occur, a behavior coherent with a multiple Andreev reflection-assisted transport through the tunnel barrier has been found. However, the measured charge values exceed any theoretical prediction. 相似文献
9.
Peptidic aminopeptidase inhibitors, bestatin, phebestin and probestin have been prepared by stereo- and regiocontrolled reactions from a common α,β-epoxy ester precursor. 相似文献
10.
A model for the interaction of near-infrared laser pulses with metal powders in selective laser sintering 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
P. Fischer N. Karapatis V. Romano R. Glardon H.P. Weber 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2002,74(4):467-474
A thermal model of the interaction of pulsed near-infrared laser radiation from a Nd:YAG laser was made, taking the measured
powder properties such as reflectance, optical penetration depth and thermal conductivity into account. It allows an estimation
of the evolution of two different temperatures: the average temperature of the powder (taken over the grains in a volume given
by the laser beam diameter and the optical penetration depth) and the temperature distinction within a single grain. It showed
that in pulsed mode consolidation can be achieved at much lower average power as the surface of the powder particles are molten
but their cores remain at nearly room temperature. This leads to a much lower average temperature and therefore a dramatic
decrease in residual thermal stresses in the finished piece. The results of the model were experimentally tested and confirmed.
Received: 26 July 2001 / Accepted: 23 November 2001 / Published online: 23 January 2002 相似文献