零攻角小钝头钝锥高超音速绕流边界层的稳定性分析和转捩预报

研究了零攻角小钝头圆锥高超音速边界层的稳定性及转捩预测问题．小钝头的球头半径为0.5 mm,锥的半锥角为5°,来流马赫数为6．采用直接数值模拟方法得到了钝锥的基本流场,利用线性稳定性理论分析了等温壁面和绝热壁面条件下的第一、第二模态不稳定波,并用“e-N”方法对转捩位置进行了预测．在没有实验给出N值的情况下,暂取N为10．研究发现,壁面温度条件对于转捩位置有较大影响．绝热边界层的转捩位置比等温边界层的靠后．且尽管高马赫数下第二模态波的最大增长率远大于第一模态波的最大增长率,但绝热边界层的转捩位置是由第一模态不稳定波决定的．研究方法应能推广到有攻角的三维边界层流动的转捩预测．     

eN方法用于高超声速圆锥边界层转捩预测的可靠性

eN方法基于扰动在边界层中线性演化过程中的幅值增长程度来预测转捩。以来流Mach数为6、不同壁面温度条件下不同钝度圆锥为研究对象,结合直接数值模拟和抛物化稳定性方程,从eN方法是否能够准确描述扰动在上述边界层中线性增长的角度,分析了该方法预测转捩的可靠性。研究结果表明,在小钝度或高壁面温度情况下,扰动在向下游的演化过程中从第1模态转变为第2模态,基于线性稳定性理论的eN方法变得不再可靠。壁面温度相同,头部钝度越大,eN方法越可靠;同等钝度下,壁面温度越低,eN方法越可靠。由于存在模态转换时,线性稳定性理论总是低估扰动的增长,因而对于给定的转捩判据N_T（可由某一工况实验标定给出）,若钝度减小或壁面温度增加到一定程度,eN方法给出的转捩位置比实际情况更靠后。重新标定转捩判据时,钝度越小,壁面温度越高,N_T的修正程度就越大。      

Stability analysis and transition prediction of hypersonic boundary layer over a blunt cone with small nose bluntness at zero angle of attack

Stability and transition prediction of hypersonic boundary layer on a blunt cone with small nose bluntness at zero angle of attack was investigated. The nose radius of the cone is 0.5 mm; the cone half-angle is 5°, and the Mach number of the oncoming flow is 6. The base flow of the blunt cone was obtained by direct numerical simulation. The linear stability theory was applied for the analysis of the first mode and the second mode unstable waves under both isothermal and adiabatic wall condition, and eN method was used for the prediction of transition location. The N factor was tentatively taken as 10, as no experimentally confirmed value was available. It is found that the wall temperature condition has a great effect on the transition location. For adiabatic wall, transition would take place more rearward than those for isothermal wall. And despite that for high Mach number flows, the maximum amplification rate of the second mode wave is far bigger than the maximum amplification rate of the first mode wave, the transition location of the boundary layer with adiabatic wall is controlled by the growth of first mode unstable waves. The methods employed in this paper are expected to be also applicable to the transition prediction for the three dimensional boundary layers on cones with angle of attack.