Time-Resolved Investigation of Ionization of Clusters Irradiated by a Strong Laser

Ionization dynamics of clusters irradiated by chirped femtosecond lasers is investigated by using a linearly chirped pulse spectral interferometry with a time resolution of less than lOOfs. The production of an average charged-Xe^18 and -Kr^9 ions indicates a strong energy coupling between laser and cluster. Ultrafast depletion of the probing laser is observed to be strictly coincident with the ionization front as seen in other experiments. Moreover,a two-step ionization process for Xe and Kr clusters irradiated by high-intensity lasers has been observed, which implies the role of resonance enhancement during the cluster explosion.     

Interaction of intense laser pulses with atomic clusters at different gas densities

The interaction of intense femtosecond laser pulses with rare gas clusters was studied experimentally, the time-of-flight spectra of ions from exploding clusters at different gas densities have been measured. It is found that while the relative components of ions in low and high energy of the ion energy spectrum decrease with the increase of the gas density, the average ion energies are the same for different gas densities, which indicates that the effect of gas density on laser-cluster interaction is not important under our experimental conditions.     

介质微粒的光捕陷、光悬浮和光操纵

本文全面综述了二十余年介质微粒光捕陷、光悬浮和光操纵研究的发展,介绍了光阱的基本原理和基本技术,并描绘了在不同媒质中捕陷不同介质微粒的各种光阱的变体以及它们在物理学基础研究、计量科学、生命科学、化学及技术领域等方面的应用前景。     

Cooling-induced increase of methane cluster size investigated under a Coulomb explosion scheme

In this letter, we discuss the increase in the average cluster size by lowering the stagnation temperature of the methane （CH4） gas. The Coulomb explosion experiments are conducted to estimate the cluster size and the size distribution. The average CH4 cluster sizes Nay of 6 230 and 6 580 are acquired with the source conditions of 30 bars at 240 K and 60 bars at 296 K, respectively. Empirical estimation suggests a five-fold increase in the average size of the CH4 clusters at 240 K compared with that at room temperature under a backing pressure of 30 bars. A strong nonlinear Hagena parameter relation （Г^＊∝ T0^-3.3） for the CH4 clusters is revealed. The results may be favorable for the production of large-sized clusters by using gases at low temperature and high back pressures.     

介质微粒的光捕陷,光悬浮和光操纵

本文全面综述了二十余年介质微粒光捕陷、光悬浮和光操纵研究的发展，介绍了光阱的基本原理和基本技术，并描绘了在不同媒质中捕陷不同介质微粒的各种光阱的变体以及它们在物理学基础研究、计量科学、生命科学、化学及技术领域等方面的应用前景。     

玻璃微球在空气中光悬浮的初步观察

玻璃微球在空气中光悬浮的初步观察蔡惟泉，陈洪新，李佛生，王育竹（中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所量子光学（联合）开放实验室，上海２０１８００）用激光束在空气中对玻璃微球施行稳定的光学悬浮在国外早有报道，由于这项技术在物理学和技术领域有广泛的应用前景，...     

Deuterium cluster jet produced at moderate backing pressures

A deuterium cluster jet produced in the supersonic expansion into vacuum of deuterium gas at liquid nitrogen temperature and moderate backing pressures are studied by Rayleigh scattering techniques. The experimental results show that deuterium clusters can be created at moderate gas backing pressures ranging from 8 to 23 bar, and a maximum average cluster size of 350 atoms per cluster is estimated. The temporal evolution of the cluster jet generated at the backing pressure of 20 bar demonstrates a two-plateau structure. The possible mechanism responsible for this structure is discussed. The former plateau with higher average atom and cluster densities is more suitable for the general laser-cluster interaction experiments.     

铥原子激发能级超精细结构常数的测定

用铥空心阴极灯,采用光电流光谱技术测得铥原子21条一级跃迁谱线,确定了相应跃迁上能级的超精细结构常数,其中7个能级的参数为首次发表,运用同一空心阴极灯,采用双色双光子级联共振技术,由荧光法首次测得4个第二激发能级的超精细结构常数.     

原 子 光 刻

介绍了根据量子光学的最新成果——激光冷却和捕陷中性原子的原理而发展出的一种新型纳米级刻印技术——原子光刻.介绍了该项技术的基本原理、总体方案、单元技术及刻印结果,将这项新技术与其他微刻印方法进行了比较,展望了其应用于微电子学等领域的前景. 关键词：     

Coulomb expansion of deuterated methane clusters irradiated by an ultrashort intense laser pulse

The simulations of three-dimensional particle dynamics show that when irradiated by an ultrashort intense laser pulse, the deuterated methane cluster expands and the majority of deuterons overrun the more slowly expanding carbon ions, resulting in the creation of two separated subelusters. The enhanced deuteron kinetic energy and a narrow peak around the energy maximum in the deuteron energy distribution make a considerable contribution to the efficiency of nuclear fusion compared with the ease of homonuelear deuterium clusters. With the intense laser irradiation, the nuclear fusion yield increases with the increase of the cluster size, so that deuterated heteronuelear clusters with larger sizes are required to achieve a greater neutron yield.