A locally computed suboptimal control strategy for a class of interconnected systems

In this paper, a locally computed suboptimal control strategy for a class of interconnected systems is introduced. First, optimal statefeedback control equations are derived for a finite-horizon quadratic cost. Then, the control for each subsystem is separated into two portions. The first portion stabilizes the isolated subsystem, and the second portion corresponds to the interactions. To achieve a locally calculable control, an approximation to the optimal control equations is introduced, and two iterative suboptimal control algorithms are developed. In the first algorithm, the initial conditions of subsystems are assumed to be known; in the second algorithm, this information is replaced by statistical distributions. The orders of errors in the iterations of the algorithm and in the suboptimality are given in terms of interconnections. An example with comparisons is also included to show the performance of the approach.     

Construction of CdS quantum dots via a regioselective dendritic functionalized cellulose template

Using regioselective dendritic functionalized cellulose, CdS quantum dot nanoparticles were prepared and their photo-optical properties and morphology as well as the preliminary biocompatibility of the hybrid were investigated.     

Two Approaches for State Space Realization of NARMA Models: Bridging the Gap

This paper studies the necessary and sufficient conditions for observable realization of a general class of nonlinear high-order input-output difference equations. In particular, it proves the equivalence of the two seemingly different existing approaches in the literature. The paper also provides a subclass of NARMA input-output models that are guaranteed to have an observable realization. It is shown that this class covers several important subclasses of existing NARMA models.     

Temperature dependency of thermal conductivity of solid phases for fatty acids

Thermal conductivity variations with temperature of solid phases for lauric acid (LA), myristic acid (MA), pivalic acid (PA), and stearic acid (SA) have been measured with radial heat-flow method. Temperature dependencies of the thermal conductivity for same organic materials have been obtained by linear regression analysis. From graphs of thermal conductivity versus temperature, the thermal conductivity of solid phase at their melting temperature and temperature coefficients of thermal conductivity for LA, MA, PA, and SA have been found to be 0.37, 0.39, 0.23, and 0.35 W K^?1 m^?1 and 0.00935, 0.00446, 0.01095, and 0.00295 K^?1, respectively. The ratios of thermal conductivity of liquid phase to thermal conductivity of solid phase for LA, MA, PA, and SA have also been measured to be 0.52, 0.48, 0.25, and 0.59, respectively, with a Bridgman-type directional solidification apparatus.     

Design, synthesis, and characterization of conifer-shaped dendritic architectures

An elongated structural design leading to more conical-shaped dendritic architectures by using a combination of 1-->3, 1-->(2+1), and 1-->(2+1 Me) C-branched monomers is presented. Synthesis of the conifer-shaped macromolecule was achieved by reaction between isocyanate 20 and amine 26 in dry CH2Cl2. A resultant extended focal adamantane-modified dendron was deprotected to generate the water-soluble product, which was subsequently complexed with beta-cyclodextrin in D2O to create the desired tree-like product. Host-guest interactions of the adamantane moiety with the beta-cyclodextrin cavity were monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. All monomers, key intermediates, and final products were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, ESI or MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and IR spectroscopy.     

Determination of total attenuation cross sections of Ti, Fe, Ni, Zn between 4.551–111.898 keV energy range

The total attenuation cross sections in elements Ti, Fe, Ni and Zn for K and K group of liens of element 22Z92 by using tranmission method. K X-rays of seconder excitor were counted by a Ge(Li) detector with resolution 190 eV at 5.9 keV. The experimentally mesured attentuation cross sections have ben found in a good agreement with the theoretical values of Stom, Israel and Hubbell, Seltzer.     

13C NMR spectroscopy of naturally occurring iridoid glucosides and their acylated derivatives

The ¹³C NMR spectra of twenty one iridoid glucosides and fourteen acyl iridoid glucosides of various cyclopentane oxidation states have been analysed and their carbon shifts assigned. Evidence is presented which demonstrates that ¹³C NMR spectroscopy is a valuable and reliable technique for distinguishing the sites of acylation in iridoid glucosides and confirming the predictions of the configuration at C-6 and C-8. A cis configuration of vicinal substituents is generally associated with a substantial increase in shielding, as compared with the trans analog. The ring size and C-1 configuration in the glucose moiety are also evident from the spectra.     

Optimal design of impulsively loaded plastic beams for asymmetric mode motions

Optimal design of a rigid-plastic stepped beam is discussed assuming the mode form of motion. Such beam dimensions are sought for which a minimum of local or mean deflection is attained within designs of constant volume. It is assumed that the prescribed kinetic energy is imparted to the structure at the initial instant with free motion occurring afterwards. It is shown that besides three symmetric modes of motion, also the asymmetric modes may exist. An optimal design for asymmetric modes is determined and compared with a respective design for symmetric modes, obtained previously in [1].     

Centralizers of Subgroups in Direct Limits of Symmetric Groups with Strictly Diagonal Embedding

Let ξ = (p ₁, p ₂,…) be a given infinite sequence of not necessarily distinct primes. In 1976, the structure of locally finite groups S(ξ) (respectively A(ξ) ) which are obtained as a direct limit of finite symmetric (finite alternating) groups are investigated in [7 Kegel , O. H. , Wehrfritz , B. A. F. ( 1973 ). Locally Finite Groups . Amsterdam : North-Holland Publishing Company . [Google Scholar]]. The countable locally finite groups A(ξ) gives an important class in the theory of infinite simple locally finite groups. The classification of these groups using the lattice of Steinitz numbers is completed by Kroshko and Sushchansky in 1998 see [8 Kroshko , N. V. , Sushchansky , V. I. ( 1998 ). Direct Limits of symmetric and alternating groups with strictly diagonal embeddings . Arch. Math. 71 : 173 – 182 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. Here we extend the results on the structure of centralizers of elements to centralizers of arbitrary finite subgroups and correct some of the errors in the section of centralizers of elements in [8 Kroshko , N. V. , Sushchansky , V. I. ( 1998 ). Direct Limits of symmetric and alternating groups with strictly diagonal embeddings . Arch. Math. 71 : 173 – 182 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. We construct for each infinite cardinal κ, a new class of uncountably many simple locally finite groups of cardinality κ as a direct limit of finitary symmetric groups. We investigate the centralizers of elements and finite subgroups in this new class of simple locally finite groups, and finally, we characterize this class by the lattice isomorphism with the cardinality of the group and the Steinitz numbers.