压缩态光场的四阶量子干涉

采用半经典理论讨论了同一抽运源抽运的两个独立光学参量振荡腔(OPO)所产生的压缩态光场的四阶量子干涉效应．结果表明：在OPO振荡阈值处,输出光场压缩度最高但四阶量子干涉最弱,条纹可见度为33.3%,远离阈值时干涉越来越强. 关键词：     

Effective sideband cooling in an ytterbium optical lattice clock

Sideband cooling is a key technique for improving the performance of optical atomic clocks by preparing cold atoms and single ions into the ground vibrational state. In this work, we demonstrate detailed experimental research on pulsed Raman sideband cooling in a $^{171}$Yb optical lattice clock. A sequence comprised of interleaved 578 nm cooling pulses resonant on the 1st-order red sideband and 1388 nm repumping pulses is carried out to transfer atoms into the motional ground state. We successfully decrease the axial temperature of atoms in the lattice from 6.5 μK to less than 0.8 μK in the trap depth of 24 μK, corresponding to an average axial motional quantum number $\langle n_z\rangle<0.03$. Rabi oscillation spectroscopy is measured to evaluate the effect of sideband cooling on inhomogeneous excitation. The maximum excitation fraction is increased from 0.8 to 0.86, indicating an enhancement in the quantum coherence of the ensemble. Our work will contribute to improving the instability and uncertainty of Yb lattice clocks.     

镱原子激光冷却的动力学分析

从原子能级演化的速率方程出发,以镱(Yb)原子为研究对象,通过求解Yb原子在各能级演化的动力学行为,得到了Yb原子体系的冷却循环跃迁的存在能级,即单态跃迁~1s_0→~1p_1和单态到三态跃迁~1s_0→~3p_1,该结果与目前的实验完全符合.在不考虑相关碰撞的情况下,该方法从理论上分析了目前研究比较成熟的Yb原子,从而试图寻找一种能够方便找到复杂原子能级结构中冷却循环跃迁的普适方法并且用于指导实验,推动超冷原子物理研究的进程.     

An abnormal phenomenon in the saturated absorption spectrum of ^87Rb

A polarization-type saturated absorption spectrum set-up for {}^{87}Rb atom laser cooling and trapping has been established in our laboratory. By changing the polarization components and optical power, enhanced absorption of the transition 5S_{1/2} F=2→5P_{3/2}F′=3 was observed with other transitions and cross-over resonance staying unvaried.     

用波导结构的周期极化铌酸锂产生507nm的连续倍频输出

稀土金属镱原子的3P2态是镱原子的一个很重要的长寿命亚稳态,为了研究将跃迁1S0→3 P2作为镱原子钟跃迁的可能性,通过507nm的激光场进行激发而实现态制备.实验中利用波导型周期极化铌酸锂作为倍频晶体的单次倍频方式,采用了一种简单的短焦距单透镜耦合方式,获得了507nm的连续光输出.结果表明,采用焦距为20mm的单透镜将58mW的1 014nm基频光直接耦合到波导结构的周期极化铌酸锂,得到了86.5μW的507nm倍频光.同时,给出了倍频输出光的输出功率与温度的关系曲线.对比传统的裸光纤直接耦合方式,单透镜直接耦合方式优于光纤耦合的倍频效率.     

Realization of Green MOT for Ytterbium Atoms

We report the experimental realization of a magneto-optical trap （MOT） of ^174 Yb atoms operating on the ^1 So -^3 P1 intereombination transition at 555.8nm. The green MOT is loaded by a Zeeman-slowed atomic beam. In order to increase the capture velocity of the MOT, we use the trapping laser beams consisting of five discrete frequency components obtained by modulating the laser light through an electro-optic modulator. The trapped atomic number of the ^174Yb isotope is about 6.2 × 105, and the temperature of the cold atomic cloud is estimated to be about 100μK. The success of the green MOT is an clock. important step towards the goal of an ytterbium optical     

镱原子钟激光的光纤噪声抑制的实验研究

为了抑制镱原子钟激光在光纤传输过程中引入的额外噪声,本文系统地研究了光纤噪声抑制的原理和实现方法。我们利用外差拍频的方法提取光纤传输引入的相位噪声,并通过对DDS驱动的声光调制器施加伺服反馈实现对光纤噪声的抑制。本文对比了采用光纤噪声抑制系统前后的频率噪声,采用Allan方差表征的实验结果显示,经过光纤噪声抑制系统后剩余光纤噪声引起的频率不稳定度为1.85×10~(-17)/τ(1/2),频率噪声的起伏在秒量级的平均时间下降了一个数量级,400s后进入E-19量级,相对于未进行光纤噪声抑制的稳定度提高了2个数量级。     

Creation of ^174Yb Bose-Einstein Condensates in a Crossed FORT

Quantum degenerate gases of alkaline-earth-like atoms are unique systems used for quantum simulation, quantum computing and studies of quantum phase transitions. We report an all-optical formation of Bose Einstein eondensates of ytterbium atoms. About 106 atoms of ^174Yb are transferred to a far-off-resonance optical trap （FORT） and then cooled by evaporative cooling. Phase transition occurs at the critical temperature of 520 nK. A pure condensate containing approximately 2 × 10^4 atoms has been obtained in the crossed FORT, with an atomic peak density of -8 × 10^14 cm^-3. The condensate lifetime exceeds 1 s.     

A robust method for frequency stabilization of 556-nm laser operating at the intercombination transition of ytterbium

A frequency-stabilized 556-nm laser is an essential tool for experimental studies associated with 1 S 0-3 P 1 intercombination transition of ytterbium (Yb) atoms.A 556-nm laser light using a single-pass second harmonic generation (SHG) is obtained in a periodically poled MgO:LiNbO 3 (PPLN) crystal pumped by a fiber laser at 1111.6 nm.A robust frequency stabilization method which facilitates the control of laser frequency with an accuracy better than the natural linewidth (187 kHz) of the intercombination line is developed.The short-term frequency jitter is reduced to less than 100 kHz by locking the laser to a home-made reference cavity.A slow frequency drift is sensed by the 556-nm fluorescence signal of an Yb atomic beam excited by one probe beam and is reduced to less than 50-kHz by a computer-controlled servo system.The laser can be stably locked for more than 5 h.This frequency stabilization method can be extended to other alkaline-earth-like atoms with similar weak intercombination lines.     

可调谐振幅压缩光的产生及其在频率调制光谱中的应用

通过半导体激光器的注入锁定,产生了频率可在铯原子D2线附近（852。356nm)连续调谐约1GHz以上、压缩度约为0．8dB的振幅压缩光;将其应用在铯饱和蒸气样品的频率调制光谱的演示测量中,信噪比较散粒噪声极限提高了约0．7dB。