Dynamic and wear characteristics of self-lubricating bearing cage: effects of cage pocket shape

34,354,966 active cases and 460,787 deaths because of COVID-19 pandemic were recorded on November 06, 2021, in India. To end this ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need to implement multiple population-wide policies like social distancing, testing more people and contact tracing. To predict the course of the pandemic and come up with a strategy to control it effectively, a compartmental model has been established. The following six stages of infection are taken into consideration: susceptible (S), asymptomatic infected (A), clinically ill or symptomatic infected (I), quarantine (Q), isolation (J) and recovered (R), collectively termed as SAIQJR. The qualitative behavior of the model and the stability of biologically realistic equilibrium points are investigated in terms of the basic reproduction number. We performed sensitivity analysis with respect to the basic reproduction number and obtained that the disease transmission rate has an impact in mitigating the spread of diseases. Moreover, considering the non-pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical intervention strategies as control functions, an optimal control problem is implemented to mitigate the disease fatality. To reduce the infected individuals and to minimize the cost of the controls, an objective functional has been constructed and solved with the aid of Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The implementation of optimal control strategy at the start of a pandemic tends to decrease the intensity of epidemic peaks, spreading the maximal impact of an epidemic over an extended time period. Extensive numerical simulations show that the implementation of intervention strategy has an impact in controlling the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic. Further, our numerical solutions exhibit that the combination of three controls are more influential when compared with the combination of two controls as well as single control. Therefore, the implementation of all the three control strategies may help to mitigate novel coronavirus disease transmission at this present epidemic scenario.

     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF BROWNIAN COAGULATION AND MIXING OF NANOPARTICLES IN 2D RAYLEIGH-B?NARD CONVECTION

采用泰勒展开矩方法对二维瑞利-贝纳德热对流系统(1×10⁶ ≤Ra ≤1 ×10⁸) 中纳米颗粒群的混合和凝并特性进行了数值模拟. 结果显示颗粒群随时间演化经历了扩散阶段、混合阶段、充分混合阶段3 个阶段, 随着颗粒群混合和凝并的进行, 颗粒数目浓度减少, 颗粒群的平均体积增大; 得到了颗粒分布函数各特征量与温度相关系数以及各特征量的空间分布标准偏差在3 个阶段的不同特征; 得到了颗粒分布函数各阶矩以及平均体积长时间演化的渐近行为, 结果与零维渐近解析解一致. 最后, 本文进一步研究了无量纲数(包括瑞利数Ra, 斯密特数Sc_M, 达姆科勒数Da) 对颗粒群达到自保持分布时间的影响, 发现该时间随着Ra和Sc_M的增大呈对数率减小, 随着Da的增大呈线性增大     

Influence of sub-bandgap illumination on space charge distribution in CdZnTe detector

The space charge accumulation in CdZnTe crystals seriously affects the performance of high-flux pulse detectors.The influence of sub-bandgap illumination on the space charge distribution and device performance in CdZnTe crystals were studied theoretically by Silvaco TCAD software simulation.The sub-bandgap illumination with a wavelength of 890 nm and intensity of 8×10?8 W/cm2 were used in the simulation to explore the space charge distribution and internal electric field distribution in CdZnTe crystals.The simulation results show that the deep level occupation faction is manipulated by the sub-bandgap illumination,thus space charge concentration can be reduced under the bias voltage of 500 V.A flat electric field distribution is obtained,which significantly improves the charge collection efficiency of the CdZnTe detector.Meanwhile,premised on the high resistivity of CdZnTe crystal,the space charge concentration in the crystal can be further reduced with the wavelength of 850 nm and intensity of 1×10?7 W/cm2 illumination.The electric field distribution is flatter and the carrier collection efficiency of the device can be improved more effectively.