垂直与水平渗透作用下潜水非稳定渗流运动规律

对河渠边界控制的半无限含水层,建立垂向入渗与河渠水平渗透共同作用下的潜水非稳定渗流模型;利用Boussinesq第一线性化方法,通过Laplace变换,给出模型的解析解. 证明相关经典公式与模型特定解之间的转换关系,分析经典公式适用范围．根据模型解,逐一定量研究下述变量,如垂向入渗强度、河渠水位变动幅度、含水层结构参数如给水度和导压系数、计算点与边界之间的距离,对渗流过程的影响．这些变量的变化,对潜水位获最大上升速度的时间产生延迟效应;论证一些变量间产生等效延迟效应的条件．根据解的数学特征,讨论其对应的物理意义和潜水位变动规律．     

时变垂向入渗影响下河渠-潜水非稳定渗流模型的解及应用

在河渠边界控制下的半无限含水层中,对时变垂向入渗影响下的潜水非稳定渗流模型,利用Boussinesq第一线性化方法,通过Laplace变换并结合卷积原理,导出模型的解析解．根据不同水文地质条件下解的数学特征,建立相应的含水层参数求解方法;在此基础上,建立计算河渠与含水层之间水量交换的公式,以及计算潜水蒸发强度的递推公式．以安徽淮北平原某河流-潜水含水层系统为例,阐述上述方法的计算过程与步骤．     

RULE OF TRANSIENT PHREATIC FLOW SUBJECTED TO VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL SEEPAGE

In a semi-infinite aquifer bounded by a channel,a transient flow model is constructed for phreatic water subjected to vertical and horizontal seepage.Based on the first linearized Boussinesq equation,the analytical solution of the model is obtained by Laplace transform.Having proven the transformation between the analytical solution and some relevant classic formulas,suitable condition for each of these formulas is demon- strated.On the base of the solution,the variation of transient flow process caused by the variables,such as vertical infiltration intensity,fluctuation range of river stage,aquifer parameters such as transmissivity and specific yield,and the distance from calculating point to channel boundary,are analyzed quantitatively one by one.Lagging effect will happen to the time,when phreatic water gets its maximum fluctuation velocity,response to the varying of the variables stated above.The condition for some variables to form equivalent lagging effect is demonstrated.Corresponding to the mathematical charac- teristics of the analytical solution,the physical implication and the fluctuation rule of groundwater level are discussed.     

河渠水位线性变化条件下河渠-潜水非稳定流模型及其解

在河渠水位迅速变化后再缓慢变化的条件下,建立了河渠半无限潜水含水层中非稳定渗流模型.利用Boussinesq第一线性化方法及Laplace变换,并注意应用Laplace变换中的"积分性质",给出形式相对简单、由常用函数表达的解,阐述特定解及其相应的物理意义.由解所揭示的潜水位变化规律表明,含水层任一点处潜水位变动速度的时间变化曲线形态是固定的,与河渠边界水位变动速率λ无关;潜水最大变速发生的时间,随λ呈非线性位移.依据潜水位变化规律,建立利用潜水位变动速度求含水层参数的方法,并用实例演示了拐点法求参数的过程.     

Solution and its application of transient stream/groundwater model subjected to time-dependent vertical seepage

Based on the first linearized Boussinesq equation,the analytical solution of the transient groundwater model,which is used for describing phreatic flow in a semi- infinite aquifer bounded by a linear stream and subjected to time-dependent vertical seepage,is derived out by Laplace transform and the convolution integral.According to the mathematical characteristics of the solution,different methods for estimating aquifer parameters are constructed to satisfy different hydrological conditions.Then,the equation for estimating water exchange between stream and aquifer is proposed,and a recursion equation or estimating the intensity of phreatic evaporation is also proposed.A phreatic aquifer stream system located in Hualbei Plain,Anhui Province,China,is taken as an example to demonstrate the estimation process of the methods stated herein.