同时满足刚度和强度约束的框架拓扑优化

基于ICM（Independent Continuous Mapping,即独立、连续、映射）方法．对单元重量、单元许用应力和单元刚度分别引入不同的过滤函数,把0-1型离散拓扑变量转化为[0．1]区间上的连续变量．建立了拓扑变量连续的优化模型。借助满应力准则将应力约束转化为拓扑变量的动态下限．用单位虚载荷法将位移约束显式化．得到拓扑优化的近似显式模型。为了提高模型的求解效率,根据对偶理论求解原问题的对偶模型,通过在对偶空间迭代求解对偶模型得到原模型的解。引入结构非奇异、结构响应不被违背和结构重量不改变三个准则判断迭代收敛。并根据这三个准则自适应的调整折减系数来搜索最佳阁值。然后根据闻值将连续拓扑变量回归为0-1型离散拓扑变量。利用MSC／Nastran的开放性,借助MSC／Patran提供的PCL（Patran Command Language）开发环境．完成了满足刚度和强度的多变量的框架拓扑优化程序。算例结果表明．用ICM方法解决多变量框架拓扑优化问题是快速、有效的。     

METHOD BASED ON DUAL-QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING FOR FRAME STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION WITH LARGE SCALE

The optimality criteria (OC) method and mathematical programming (MP) were combined to found the sectional optimization model of frame structures. Different methods were adopted to deal with the different constraints. The stress constraints as local constraints were approached by zero-order approximation and transformed into movable sectional lower limits with the full stress criterion. The displacement constraints as global constraints were transformed into explicit expressions with the unit virtual load method. Thus an approximate explicit model for the sectional optimization of frame structures was built with stress and displacement constraints. To improve the resolution efficiency, the dual-quadratic programming was adopted to transform the original optimization model into a dual problem according to the dual theory and solved iteratively in its dual space. A method called approximate scaling step was adopted to reduce computations and smooth the iterative process. Negative constraints were deleted to reduce the size of the optimization model. With MSC/Nastran software as structural solver and MSC/Patran software as developing platform, the sectional optimization software of frame structures was accomplished, considering stress and displacement constraints. The examples show that the efficiency and accuracy are improved.     

桁架结构优化的曲线寻优数值方法

在结构优化设计领域中，首次将曲线寻优理论中的数值解法应用于桁架结构的优化过程，本文针对相应的优化模型，基于对偶规划，推导了曲线寻优算法所依赖的公式，编制了微机上运行的程序，算例表明曲线寻优的数值解法取得了快而稳的满意结果。     

基于对偶二次规划的大型框架结构优化方法

将准则法和数学规划相结合,对于不同的约束采用不同的处理方法:应力约束作为局部性约束,用0阶近似进行处理,借助满应力准则将其转化为动态尺寸下限;位移约束作为全局性约束,根据单位虚载荷法将其显式化,从而建立了满足应力和位移约束的框架结构截面优化的显式模型．为了提高模型的求解效率,根据对偶理论将大规模的框架结构优化问题转化为仅仅几个对偶变量的对偶问题,采用二次规划方法求解,算例证明该方法能极大的提高模型的求解效率．采用近似射线步既能减小计算量又能使迭代过程更加平稳,采用删除无效约束技术能减小优化模型的规模. 以MSC/Nastran软件为结构分析的求解器,以MSC/Patran软件为开发平台,完成了满足刚度和强度的多工况、多变量的框架截面优化软件．算例结果表明上述程序算法的高效性．