岩石三轴力学教学实验装置研制及教学应用

随着构思—设计—实现—运作教学理念在国内高校的推广,实验教学对学生学习越来越重要,但传统的常规三轴力学实验装置造价高且实验过程具有一定的危险性。为了克服以上实验教学过程中的局限,设计了一种内置框架岩石三轴力学教学实验装置。该装置省去了传统装置中体积巨大的框架结构,具有刚度大、体积小、成本低、操作安全简单等特点,有利于在实验教学中激发学生的科研兴趣,培养学生的动手实践能力。     

Fluid-solid coupling model for studying wellbore instability in drilling of gas hydrate bearing sediments

As the oil or gas exploration and development activities in deep and ultra- deep waters become more and more, encountering gas hydrate bearing sediments （HBS） is almost inevitable. The variation in temperature and pressure can destabilize gas hydrate in nearby formation around the borehole, which may reduce the strength of the formation and result in wellbore instability. A non-isothermal, transient, two-phase, and fluid-solid coupling mathematical model is proposed to simulate the complex stability performance of a wellbore drilled in HBS. In the model, the phase transition of hydrate dissociation, the heat exchange between drilling fluid and formation, the change of mechanical and petrophysical properties, the gas-water two-phase seepage, and its interaction with rock deformation are considered. A finite element simulator is developed, and the impact of drilling mud on wellbore instability in HBS is simulated. Results indicate that the re- duction in pressure and the increase in temperature of the drilling fluid can accelerate hydrate decomposition and lead to mechanical properties getting worse tremendously. The cohesion decreases by 25% when the hydrate totally dissociates in HBS. This easily causes the wellbore instability accordingly. In the first two hours after the formation is drilled, the regions of hydrate dissociation and wellbore instability extend quickly. Then, with the soaking time of drilling fluid increasing, the regions enlarge little. Choosing the low temperature drilling fluid and increasing the drilling mud pressure appropriately can benefit the wellbore stability of HBS. The established model turns out to be an efficient tool in numerical studies of the hydrate dissociation behavior and wellbore stability of HBS.     

水泥试样爆炸压裂实验及裂纹分形评价

通过室内爆炸压裂模拟实验,得到常压和20 MPa围压2种情况下的爆炸压裂效果,并对实验结果进行了对比分析,分析结果表明:围压对裂纹扩展路径、形状、弯曲度都有一定影响,与常压下的裂纹扩展情况相比,施加围压后得到的裂纹数量少、长度短、弯曲明显.在对爆炸压裂形成的裂纹进行定性描述的基础上,利用分形理论,对裂纹的分形特征进行了...