Optimize the thermoelectric performance of CdO ceramics by doping Zn

The thermoelectric performance of CdO ceramics was enhanced by simultaneously optimizing the electrical and thermal transport properties via a small amount of Zn doping(≤3%). The introduction of Zn can obviously increase the electrical conductivity of CdO due to the simultaneous increase of carrier concentration and mobility, and eventually results in an improvement in power factor. Zn doping is also effective in suppressing the thermal conductivity of CdO because of stronger phonon scatterings from point defects, Zn-riched second phase, and grain boundaries. A best ZT of about 0.45 has been achieved in the Cd_(1-x)Zn_xO systems at about 1000 K, which is comparable to the highest values reported for other n-type oxide TE materials.     

Ca2+掺杂对CdO多晶热电性能的影响

以CaCO₃作为Ca²⁺源, 利用传统固相烧结法制备了Cd_1-xCa_xO (x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) 多晶块体样品并研究了Ca²⁺掺杂对CdO高温热电性能的影响. CaCO₃的掺入会导致CdO多晶载流子浓度降低, 使Cd_1-xCa_xO的电阻率ρ和塞贝克系数的绝对值|S|增大、电子热导率κ_e减小. 同时, 在CdO中掺入CaCO₃会引入点缺陷和气孔并可抑制CdO晶粒长大、晶界增多, 从而增加了对声子的散射, 使样品的声子热导率κ_p减小. 由于总热导率的大幅降低, Cd_0.99Ca_0.01O多晶样品在1000 K时的热电优值ZT可达0.42, 比本征CdO提高了约27%, 为迄今n型氧化物热电材料报道的最好结果之一.     

金属离子掺杂ZnO晶体的制备及其光催化性能的研究

本文采用水热合成法,以3 mol/L KOH为矿化剂,填充度为35;,分别在ZnO中添加SnCl4·5H2O、CoCl2·6H2O、NiCl2 ·6H2O作为前驱物,温度430℃,反应24h,合成几种金属离子掺杂的ZnO晶体.采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其形貌进行了表征.并与用同种方法合成的纯ZnO的光催化效率进行了对比.结果表明:金属离子掺杂的ZnO晶体和用同种方法合成的纯ZnO晶体对亚甲基蓝均具有光催化活性,其中Sn掺杂的ZnO晶体的光催化性能较好,并且经过10次循环实验后仍保持较高的催化效率.     

蒸汽处理钛酸制备锐钛矿相TiO2纳米晶体的光催化性能

采用水热法,以锐钛矿相TiO2为原料,10 mol/L NaOH溶液作为矿化剂,合成了钛酸钠纤维.用XRD和TEM对产物进行了表征,观察到纤维长度超过10 μm,宽度为10～100 nm.酸洗后对其进行二次蒸汽处理,得到了具有自组织趋势的锐钛矿相纳米TiO2晶体纤维.以1 kW紫外灯为光源,分析了合成的锐钛矿相TiO2纳米晶体的光催化降解亚甲基蓝性能及其长期稳定性.结果表明:合成的锐钛矿相TiO2纳米晶体对亚甲基蓝的光降解活性很高,纳米晶体易回收,且循环使用光催化活性没有发生衰减.