Influence of solvents on the formation of ultrathin uniform poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) nanofibers with electrospinning

Although there have been many reports on the preparation and applications of various polymer nanofibers with the electrospinning technique, the understanding of synthetic parameters in electrospinning remains limited. In this article, we investigate experimentally the influence of solvents on the morphology of the poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) micro/nanofibers prepared by electrospinning PVP solution in different solvents, including ethanol, dichloromethane (MC) and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). Using 4 wt % PVP solutions, the PVP fibers prepared from MC and DMF solvents had a shape like a bead‐on‐a‐string. In contrast, smooth PVP nanofibers were obtained with ethanol as a solvent although the size distribution of the fibers was somewhat broadened. In an effort to prepare PVP nanofibers with small diameters and narrow size distributions, we developed a strategy of using mixed solvents. The experimental results showed that when the ratio of DMF to ethanol was 50:50 (w/w), regular cylindrical PVP nanofibers with a diameter of 20 nm were successfully prepared. The formation of these thinnest nanofibers could be attributed to the combined effects of ethanol and DMF solvents that optimize the solution viscosity and charge density of the polymer jet. In addition, an interesting helical‐shaped fiber was obtained from 20 wt % PVP solution in a 50:50 (w/w) mixed ethanol/DMF solvent. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3721–3726, 2004     

The equivalence between the convergence of Ishikawa and Mann iterations with errors for strongly successively pseudocontractive mappings without Lipschitzian assumption

In this paper we prove some new equivalences between convergence of the Ishikawa and Mann iteration sequences with errors in two schemes by Xu [Y.G. Xu, Ishikawa and Mann iteration process with errors for nonlinear strongly accretive operator equations, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 224 (1998) 91-101] and Liu [L.S. Liu, Ishikawa and Mann iterative process with errors for nonlinear strongly accretive mappings in Banach spaces, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 194 (1995) 114-125], respectively, for strongly successively pseudocontractive mappings. Our main results improve and extend the corresponding results of the all references listed in this article.     

共轭亚麻酸的制备、表征和生物活性研究进展

近年来的研究发现共轭亚麻酸(CLN)具有多种非常有益的生理功能,已成为化学家、药理学家、营养学家争相研究的热点。本文就CLN的制备、表征、分离分析以及生物活性等方面,对国内外的研究进行了综述。CLN的制备包括化学法、生物法和天然产物提取法三大类。CLN的表征方法主要有紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振等方法,以及采用气相色谱法(GC)、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和毛细管电泳法(CE)等方法对合成的CLN混合物进行分离分析。CLN的生物活性主要有抗癌、降血脂、减肥、抗致癌等。     

通过密度函数理论表征炭质吸附剂的孔径分布

通过密度函数理论（DFT-DensityFunctionalTheory）对炭质吸附剂的孔径分布进行了表征。该法以多孔固体上N2吸附分子模型为依据，用一种方法对多孔固体的孔径分布从微孔到大孔范围进行确定。本文用该法对自制的聚丙烯腈活性炭纤维、国产煤质活性炭及日本产活性炭微球等六种炭质吸附剂的孔径分布进行了表征。     

Inorganic electrides

Inorganic electrides are a novel kind of ionic compounds in which the anions are electrons confined in a complex array of cavities or channels and the cations are nanoscale arrays of alkali metal ions that provide charge balance. In electrides the donated electron behaves like a low-density correlated electron gas, whereby the dimensionality of the electron gas and its electronic and magnetic properties are determined by the topology of the cavities in the host matrix. Unlike traditional electrides, in which alkali cations are encapsulated within an organic cage, inorganic electrides are thermally stable. The current inorganic electrides based on alkali metal loaded zeolites can be designed as useful reduced-dimensionality materials. Inorganic electrides are powerful reducing agents, and they are able to reduce small aromatic molecules to the radical anions within the channels of the zeolite.     

钪—镧—对氟偶氮氯膦体系共显色效应的研究及应用

本文研究了钪－镧－对氟偶氮氯膦体系共显色效应的光度特性及测定钪的最佳条件，建立了光度法测定痕量钪的新方法。该法的表观摩尔吸光系数为８．５７×１０＾４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ＾－１·ｃｍ＾－１，Ｓｃ（Ⅲ）浓度在０．０－５．０μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围符合比尔定律。将本法用于镁基，铁基合成试样中痕量钪的测定，结果满意。     

Parallel iterative reaction path optimization in ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical modeling of enzyme reactions

The determination of reaction paths for enzyme systems remains a great challenge for current computational methods. In this paper we present an efficient method for the determination of minimum energy reaction paths with the ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approach. Our method is based on an adaptation of the path optimization procedure by Ayala and Schlegel for small molecules in gas phase, the iterative quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) optimization method developed earlier in our laboratory and the introduction of a new metric defining the distance between different structures in the configuration space. In this method we represent the reaction path by a discrete set of structures. For each structure we partition the atoms into a core set that usually includes the QM subsystem and an environment set that usually includes the MM subsystem. These two sets are optimized iteratively: the core set is optimized to approximate the reaction path while the environment set is optimized to the corresponding energy minimum. In the optimization of the core set of atoms for the reaction path, we introduce a new metric to define the distances between the points on the reaction path, which excludes the soft degrees of freedom from the environment set and includes extra weights on coordinates describing chemical changes. Because the reaction path is represented by discrete structures and the optimization for each can be performed individually with very limited coupling, our method can be executed in a natural and efficient parallelization, with each processor handling one of the structures. We demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of our method by testing it on two systems previously studied by our group, triosephosphate isomerase and 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase. In both cases the minimum energy paths for both enzymes agree with the previously reported paths.     

剪切历史对尼龙熔体结晶行为的影响

采用差示扫描量热法研究了原始聚酰胺材料在经历不同的预剪切过程或应用不同设备进行剪切后其结晶行为的变化,结果表明,原始样品经过预剪切后,结晶温度升高5～10℃,半结晶时间降低到原始样品的一半.当聚酰胺材料经历很低的剪切时其结晶温度就有很大的提高,进一步提高剪切强度,结晶温度的增加趋势变缓.偏光显微镜观察表明有剪切历史的样品,球晶尺寸减小.作为对此,聚烯烃和聚酯材料的结晶对剪切历史不敏感,剪切与非剪切样品的结晶行为基本相同,据此推测聚酰胺分子间氢键可能是这种剪切记忆效应产生的原因.     

含叔胺基功能性单体的聚合研究——ⅩⅤⅠ.含吗啉基聚丙烯酸酯类及其水凝胶的温度敏感性

我们曾报道过含吗啉基丙烯酰类单体在过氧化物或芳酮存在下的热聚合及光聚合,以及做为氧化-还原引发体系组分引发烯类单体聚合的研究。利用这类单体与过硫酸盐所构成的引发体系可以获得分子量达千万的聚丙烯酰胺。实验中还发现某些含吗啉基的丙烯酸酯类聚合物的水溶液及其水凝胶具有温度敏感性。本文合成了以下四种含吗啉基丙烯酸酯类单体:     

2020 Roadmap on two-dimensional nanomaterials for environmental catalysis

This roadmap demonstrates a series of two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene, black phosphorus, oxides, layered double hydroxides, chalcogenides, bismuth-based layered compounds, MXenes, metal organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and others, for environmental catalysis.