A separation method to overcome the interference of calcium on the uranium determination by ICP-ES

The accurate determination of uranium by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry (ICP-ES) in calcium phosphate matrix suffers from a severe ionization interference due to the high calcium content of the samples. This leads to a signal depression up to 30%. For reliable determinations an extraction method based on anion exchange resin column chromatography is described which separates uranium for the needs in ICP-ES measurements. The results are comparable with results obtained by other determination methods. In addition, reference materials were measured to verify this extraction procedure.     

A separation method to overcome the interference of calcium on the uranium determination by ICP-ES

The accurate determination of uranium by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry (ICP-ES) in calcium phosphate matrix suffers from a severe ionization interference due to the high calcium content of the samples. This leads to a signal depression up to 30%. For reliable determinations an extraction method based on anion exchange resin column chromatography is described which separates uranium for the needs in ICP-ES measurements. The results are comparable with results obtained by other determination methods. In addition, reference materials were measured to verify this extraction procedure.     

Self-Organization and Leadership Emergence: A Cross-Cultural Replication

Project examined the cross-cultural generalizability of a model for leadership emergence based on the rugged landscape self-organization and the swallowtail catastrophe. Twelve groups of eight Chilean university students played the Island Commission game and rated each other on leadership behavior at the end of the one-hour activity. Analysis confirmed the replication of dynamical structure and critical points obtained previously from a U.S. sample.     

THE EFFECT OF ACIDS ON THE INFRARED SPECTRA OF SCHIFF BASES—II. IMINES CONTAINING THE C=C-C=N AND C=C-C=C-C=N UNITS

Abstract— The Fourier-transform infrared spectra of chloroform-d solutions of conjugated imines CH₃CH=CHCH=NCH(CH₃)₂ and CH₃CH₂CH=CHCH=CHCH=NCH(CH₃)₂ and the related protonated species with HCl, HBr, HI, trichloro, dichloro, monobromo and monochloroacetic acids or propionic acid are presented. The effects of conjugation and protonation are examined. The results show that conjugation slightly increases the basicity of the Schiff bases. HCl, HBr and HI protonate the Schiff bases completely. The carboxylic acids protonate partially depending on their p K _a, values. When the Schiff base contains two (or more) C=C bonds conjugated with C=N, the main C=C stretching band undergoes a strong intensification showing that sizeable dipole moment variations occur along the conjugated chain.