Insight mechanism of nano iron difluoride cathode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries: a review

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Iron(II) fluoride (FeF2) is a promising candidate as the cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its quite high theoretical energy density...     

Oxidative Dehydrogenative Silylation‐Alkenation Reaction of Alkyl Aromatics with Silanes

A Cu(OAc)₂/DDQ/DTBP/Py system catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenative silylation‐alkenation tandem reaction of readily available alkyl aromatic compounds with silanes was established. A variety of functionalized alkenyl organosilicon compounds were provided in good to high yields with a total β‐(E) selectivity. The control experiments revealed that the transformation might proceed through a radical pathway.     

Self-Adaptive Re-Organization Enables Polythiophene as an Extraordinary Cathode Material for Aluminum-Ion Batteries with a Cycle Life of 100 000 Cycles

Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) have attracted great attentions in recent years. Organic materials such as polythiophene (PT) are promising cathode for AIBs. However, the capacity and cyclic stability of conventional organic cathode such as PT are limited by the inadequate degree of reaction and the unstable nature of organic materials. To obtain high-performance organic cathode, a new PT with the ability of self-adaptive re-organization was prepared. During cycling, its molecular chain can be re-organized, and the polymerization mode will change from C_α−C_α (α-PT) to C_β−C_β (β-PT). This change leads to smaller steric hindrance and faster kinetics during ion insertion which can lower the reaction energy barrier and stabilize the molecular structure. Benefited by this, AIBs with this cathode can deliver a specific capacity of 180 mAh g⁻¹ (@2 A g⁻¹) and a superb stability of 100 000 cycles at 10 A g⁻¹. High energy density and power density can also be achieved with this cathode.     

镧和硝酸稀土对四种植物病原菌的抑制作用研究

为探索稀土元素对植物病害的防治作用,研究了镧和硝酸稀土对番茄灰霉病菌(Botryth cinerea Pers.)、番茄早疫病菌(Ahernaria solaui Sorauer)、番茄叶霉病菌(Fulvia fulva(Cooke)Cifrri)、西瓜枯萎病菌(F.oxysporum f.sp.niveum(E.F.Smith)Snyder et Hansen)的抑制效果.结果表明,100,300,500,1000,1500 mg·L 1的氧化镧和1000,1500,2000,2500,3000 mg·L-的硝酸稀土明显地抑制4种病原菌的菌丝生长、孢子形成、孢子萌发.在试验浓度范围内,抑制作用随着稀土浓度的增加而增强,同一浓度的氧化镧或硝酸稀土处理对不同病原菌的抑制作用有所差别.     

Sonocatalytic degradation of acid red B and rhodamine B catalyzed by nano-sized ZnO powder under ultrasonic irradiation

Nano-sized ZnO powder was introduced to act as the sonocatalyst after the treatment of high-temperature activation, and the ultrasound of low power was used as an irradiation source to induce nano-sized ZnO powder performing sonocatalytic degradation of acid red B and rhodamine B. At the same time, the effects of operational parameters such as solution pH value, initial concentration of dyestuff and addition amount of nano-sized ZnO powder have been examined in this paper. We found that the degradation ratios of acid red B and rhodamine B in the presence of nano-sized ZnO powder were much higher than that with only ultrasonic irradiation. However, the degradation ratio of acid red B was about two times higher than that of rhodamine B for the initial concentration of 10.0 mg/L, addition amount of 1.0 g/L nano-sized ZnO powder, solution acidity of pH 7.0 and 60 min irradiation experimental condition. The difference of the degradation ratios can be illustrated by the difference of chemical forms of acid red B and rhodamine B in aqueous solution and the surface properties of nano-sized ZnO particles. In addition, the researches on the kinetics of sonocatalytic reactions of acid red B and rhodamine B have also been performed and found to the follow pseudo first-order kinetics. All the experiments indicated that the sonocatalytic method in the presence of nano-sized ZnO powder was an advisable choice for the treatments of non- or low-transparent organic wastewaters in future.     

Hydrothermal synthesis,characterization, and luminescence of Ca<Subscript>2</Subscript>B<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript>:RE (RE = Eu<Superscript>3+</Superscript>, Tb<Superscript>3+</Superscript>, Dy<Superscript>3+</Superscript>) nanofibers

Ca₂B₂O₅:RE (RE = Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺, Dy³⁺) nanofibers were synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction method. The structural refinement was conducted on the base of the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements. The surface properties of the Ca₂B₂O₅:RE (RE = Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺, Dy³⁺) nanofibers were investigated by the measurements such as the scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). The nanofiber has a diameter of about 100 nm and a length of several micrometers. The luminescence properties such as photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and emission spectra (PL), decay lifetime, color coordinates, and the absolute internal quantum efficiency (QE) were reported. Ca₂B₂O₅:Eu³⁺ nanofibers show the red luminescence with CIE coordinates of (x = 0.41, y = 0.51) and the luminescence lifetime of 0.63 ms. The luminescence of Ca₂B₂O₅:Tb³⁺ nanofibers is green color (x = 0.29, y = 0.53) with the lifetime of 2.13 ms. However, Dy³⁺-doped Ca₂B₂O₅ nanofibers present a single-phase white-color phosphor with the fluorescence decay of 3.05 ms. Upon near-UV excitation, the absolute quantum efficiency is measured to be 65, 35, and 37 % for Eu³⁺-, Tb³⁺-, Dy³⁺-doped Ca₂B₂O₅ nanofibers, respectively. It is suggested that Ca₂B₂O₅:RE (RE = Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺, Dy³⁺) nanofibers could be an efficient phosphor for lighting and display.     

Sol-gel preparation of Fe-doped mixed crystal TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> powder and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of azo fuchsine under visible light irradiation

In this work, the Fe-doped mixed crystal TiO₂ photocatalyst which can utilize visible light was prepared by sol-gel and heat-treated methods. During heat-treatment, the phase transformation of Fe-doped TiO₂ powder occurs and the process is characterized by XRD and TG-DTA technologies. Otherwise, the sizes and shapes of Fe-doped and undoped TiO₂ powders were also compared using TEM images. The azo fuchsine in aqueous solutions, as a model compound, was treated under visible light irradiation using Fe-doped mixed crystal TiO₂ powders as photocatalyst. The results showed that, under visible light irradiation, the (0.25%) Fe-doped mixed crystal TiO₂ powder heat-treated at 600°C for 3.0 h behaved very high photocatalytic activities for degradation of azo fuchsine. The remarkable improvement of the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ powder was elucidated through the cooperative effects of iron doping and phase transformation. The iron doping can restrain the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and the phase transformation can enhance the absorption of visible light. Furthermore, other influence factors such as azo fuchsine concentration, solution acidity, Fe3+ ion content and irradiation time were also studied. Thus, this method is applicable for the treatment of wastewater.     

Simple square pulses for implementing spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity in phase‐change memory

Phase‐change memory (PCM) is a promising candidate as an artificial synapse. A compact operation method to implement synaptic functions with low power consumption is critical for constructing large‐scale neuromorphic system. Here we propose a square spike strategy for implementing spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP) in PCM. Based on the heat accumulation effect in PCM, modulating the time intervals of pre‐ and post‐spikes results in different heat generation and dissipation conditions, which lead to various crystalline/ amorphous ratios in the phase change material layer in devices with diverse synaptic weights. Four forms of STDP learning rule are experimentally demonstrated. This study will further promote the development of PCM technology involved in neuromorphic systems. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Tin powder promoted synthesis of trifluoroethylamine‐containing 3,3′‐disubstituted oxindoles

An efficient and facile approach for the construction of trifluoroethylamine‐containing 3,3′‐disubstituted oxindoles or 3‐spirooxindoles is developed through the reaction of isatins, 2,2,2‐trifluoroethylamine hydrochloride and allyl bromides or 2‐(bromomethyl)acrylic ester mediated by tin powder. This method uses simple and commercially available 2,2,2‐trifluoroethylamine hydrochloride as a trifluoroethylamine building block and avoids the use of toxic allylstannanes.