An interference method for studying a substance in the vicinity of its critical point

An interference method for measuring certain parameters of a substance in the vicinity of the critical state is proposed. The essence of the method is to decipher the interference pattern arising upon grazing incidence of a laser beam on a curved liquid-vapor interface. The deciphering allows one to determine the difference between the refractive indices of the two phases and the scaling factor of the wetting meniscus shape. This, in turn, makes it possible to calculate the critical exponents for the temperature dependences of the surface tension and the difference in the densities of the two phases. The ratio of these critical exponents for xenon, measured in the paper, is 3.81±0.03.     

Evaluation of the Plutonium Content in the Human Body Due to Global and Chernobyl Fallout

This paper estimates the body content and excretion levels of Pu from the combined intake from the global and Chernobyl fallout. The approach developed allows to estimate the contributions from each component. This approach is necessary for estimating the average and collective doses to the population of different regions or settlements. Verifications of this approach have been made using autopsy data (the early stage of the accident, Kiev residents, the late stage inhabitants of the Ovruch region) which are in good agreement. Assessment of the dose from transuranics to the population of the Ukraine required using bioassay data. This was achieved by measuring the urinary excretion of Pu.     

Synthesis and properties of glasses in the PbCl<Subscript>2</Subscript>-MoO<Subscript>3</Subscript>-TeO<Subscript>2</Subscript> system

The boundaries of tellurite glasses in the PbCl₂-MoO₃-TeO₂ system have been determined. Glass samples have been synthesized, and their spectroscopic (IR) and electrophysical (resistance versus temperature) properties have been studied.     

Evaluation of the biosafety of cyanoacrylate adhesive in vitro

This paper considers the evaluation of the biosafety of cyanoacrylate adhesive in vitro on human multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. This adhesive is intended for medical use, in particular, for X-ray and endovascular interventions. A toxicity study was carried out in a culture of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human subcutaneous fat. As a result of the work, the concentration of cyanoacrylate adhesive in lipiodol was chosen, which has the lowest toxicity.     

The Effect of an Antirelaxation Coating on Absorption in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">D</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript> Lines of Alkali Metals

The specific features of absorption in a cell with an antirelaxation coating related to optical pumping and a finite rate of laser-frequency scanning are studied. The internal state of an atom in such cells is likely to remain unaltered after a collision with a wall. This results in optical pumping of an atomic ensemble over all velocities and the entire cell volume. Both the frequency corresponding to the maximum absorption in the D₂ line of ¹³³Cs and the absorption maximum itself depend on the sign of laser-frequency scanning. A theoretical model attributing the power dependence of asymmetry of the absorption contour of the ¹³³Cs D₂ line to the presence of cyclic transition levels in the system is presented.     

Semiempirical calculation of the atomic characteristics of the 2p5 3d, 4d, and 2p5ns (n = 3–10) configurations of neon

Semiempirical calculation of the fine-structure parameters, the intermediate-coupling wave functions, and the gyromagnetic ratios is carried out for a number of configurations of the neon atom in the single-configuration approximation. Comparative analysis of the results obtained is performed. __________ Translated from Optika i Spektroskopiya, Vol. 99, No. 4, 2005, pp. 558–561. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by Semenov, Kapel’kina, Tsygankova, Tsygankov.