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1.
Sven Walter 《Acta Analytica》2005,20(3):32-47
Frank Jackson and Philip Pettit have defended a non-reductive account of causal relevance known as the ‘program explanation
account’. Allegedly, irreducible mental properties can be causally relevant in virtue of figuring in non-redundant program explanations which convey information not conveyed by explanations in terms of the physical properties that actually do the ‘causal work’.
I argue that none of the possible ways to spell out the intuitively plausible idea of a program explanation serves its purpose,
viz., defends non-reductive physicalism against Jaegwon Kim’s Causal Exclusion Argument according to which non-reductive physicalism is committed to epiphenomenalism because irreducible mental properties are ‘screened
off’ from causal relevance by their physical realizers. Jackson and Pettit’s most promising explication of a program explanation
appeals to the idea of invariance of effect under variation of realization, but I show that invariance of effect under variation of realization is neither necessary nor sufficient for causal relevance. 相似文献
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Received December 31, 2001 / Published online May 21, 2002 相似文献
5.
Velislava A Ignatova Sven Van Den Berghe Steven Van Dyck Vladimir N Popok 《Microscopy and microanalysis》2006,12(5):432-437
The oxide scales of AISI 304 formed in boric acid solutions at 300 degrees C and pH = 4.5 have been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling. The present focus is depth profile quantification both in depth and chemical composition on a molecular level. The roughness of the samples is studied by atomic force microscopy before and after sputtering, and the erosion rate is determined by measuring the crater depth with a surface profilometer and vertical scanning interferometry. The resulting roughness (20-30 nm), being an order of magnitude lower than the crater depth (0.2-0.5 microm), allows layer-by-layer profiling, although the ion-induced effects result in an uncertainty of the depth calibration of a factor of 2. The XPS spectrum deconvolution and data evaluation applying target factor analysis allows chemical speciation on a molecular level. The elemental distribution as a function of the sputtering time is obtained, and the formation of two layers is observed-one hydroxide (mainly iron-nickel based) on top and a second one deeper, mainly consisting of iron-chromium oxides. 相似文献
6.
Hai Huyen Dam Hans-Jürgen Zepernick Sven Nordholm Jörgen Nordberg 《Annals of Operations Research》2005,133(1-4):249-264
The performance of a code division multiple access system depends on the correlation properties of the employed spreading
code. Low cross-correlation values between spreading sequences are desired to suppress multiple access interference and to
improve bit error performance. An auto-correlation function with a distinct peak enables proper synchronization and suppresses
intersymbol interference. However, these requirements contradict each other and a trade-off needs to be established. In this
paper, a global two dimensional optimization method is proposed to minimize the out-of-phase average mean-square aperiodic
auto-correlation with average mean-square aperiodic cross-correlation being allowed to lie within a fixed region. This approach
is applied to design sets of complex spreading sequences. A design example is presented to illustrate the relation between
various correlation characteristics. The correlations of the obtained sets are compared with correlations of other known sequences. 相似文献
7.
R. Klein R. Grieser L. Hoog G. Huber I. Klaft P. Merz T. Kühl S. Schröder M. Grieser D. Habs W. Petrich D. Schwalm 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1992,342(4):455-461
We have performed for the first time precision spectroscopy on a coasting fast7Li+ ion beam in a storage ring. The ion beam moving with 6.4% speed of light was first electron cooled and then merged with two counterpropagating laser beams acting on two different hyperfine transitions sharing a common upper level (λ-system). One laser was frequency locked to thea 3 127J2 hfs frequency component established as a secondary frequency standard at 514 nm. The second laser was tuned over theλ-resonance, which was recorded relative to127J2 hfs components. This experiment is sensitive to the time dilation in fast moving frames and will lead to new limits for the verification of special relatively. The present status of the experiment and perspectives in accuracy are discussed. 相似文献
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R. Lacaze A. Morel B. Petersson J. Schröper 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1998,2(4):509-523
We present an investigation of the 2D attractive Hubbard model, considered as an effective model relevant to superconductivity
in strongly interacting electron systems. We use both hybrid Monte-Carlo simulations and existing hopping parameter expansions
to explore the low temperature domain. The increase of the static S-wave pair correlation with decreasing temperature, which depends weakly on the band filling in the explored temperature range,
is analyzed in terms of an expected Kosterlitz-Thouless superconducting transition. Using both our data and previously published
results, we show that the evidence for this transition is weak: If it exists, its temperature is very low. The number of unpaired
electrons remains nearly constant with temperature at fixed attractive potential strength. In contrast, the static magnetic
susceptibility decreases fast with temperature, and cannot be related only to pair formation. We introduce a method by which
the Padé approximants of the existing series for the susceptibility give sensible results down to rather low temperature region,
as shown by comparison with our numerical data.
Received: 30 October 1996 / Revised: 23 October 1997 / Accepted: 29 January 1998 相似文献
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