使用分子量级前躯体制备CuInSe_2及其合金并应应用用于光伏发电(英文)

黄铜矿铜铟硒化合物CuInSe2及其与硫或嫁的合金CuIn(Se,S)2或CuInGa(Se,S)2,即所说的CIGS,已通过20%的实验室规模器件光电转换效率展示了其地面光伏应用的巨大潜力。为了减少初始资金成本,提高材料利用率,科研工作者们已经尝试了许多努力通过非真空制程沉积CIGS。这些制程包括电镀工艺,基于颗粒(浆或纳米颗粒)的制程和基于分子量级前趋体的制程。原则上,分子量级前趋体可以使组分元素达到充分混合,可以最大程度地实现组份在基板不同区域的均一分布。这对于一个复杂的涉及到五个主要元素的化合物系统尤为重要。从这个角度来看,分子前趋体的方法具有大面积均匀沉积铜铟镓硒的巨大潜力。这篇综述将着重讨论使用分子前趋体沉积铜铟镓硒制程的最新发展。     

A Convenient Synthesis of N-Methoxy-N-Methylamides from Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic acids can be converted to their corresponding N-methoxy-N-methylamides in high yields using 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide as the coupling agent. The reaction proceeds without racemization when chiral carboxylic acids are used as the starting material.     

Diazonamide support studies: stereoselective formation of the C10 chiral center in both the CDEFG and AEFG fragments

The synthesis of both the AEFG macrolactam and the CDEFG bis-indole/tyrosine units found in the marine natural product diazonamide A is presented. Key to the success of the synthesis is the highly stereoselective direct C-arylation of an oxindole by an aryllead(IV) reagent derived from tyrosine.     

Synthesis, gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopic, and theoretical studies of stannylated dinuclear iron dithiolates

Stannylated dinuclear iron dithiolates (mu-SSnMe(2)CH(2)S)[Fe(CO)(3)](2), (mu-SCH(2)SnMe(2)CH(2)S) [Fe(CO)(3)](2), and (mu-SCH(2)SnMe(3))(2)[Fe(CO)(3)](2), which are structurally similar to the active site of iron-only hydrogenase, were synthesized and studied by gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy. The orbital origins of ionizations were assigned by comparison of He I and He II photoelectron spectra and with the aid of hybrid density functional electronic structure calculations. Stannylation lowers the ionization energy of sulfur lone pair orbitals in these systems owing to a geometry-dependent interaction. The Fe-Fe sigma bond, which is the HOMO in all these systems, is also substantially destabilized by stannylation due to a previously unrecognized geometry-dependent interaction between axial sulfur lone pair orbitals and the Fe-Fe sigma bond. Since cleaving the Fe-Fe sigma bond is a key step in the mechanism of action of iron-only hydrogenase, these newly recognized geometry-dependent interactions may be utilized in designing biologically inspired hydrogenase catalysts.     

The Stability of Magnetic VorticesRID="*"ID="*"Research on this paper was supported by NSERC under grant N7901

We study the linearized stability of n-vortex (n∈ℤ) solutions of the magnetic Ginzburg–Landau (or Abelian Higgs) equations. We prove that the fundamental vortices (n = ± 1) are stable for all values of the coupling constant, λ, and we prove that the higher-degree vortices (|n|≥ 2) are stable for λ < 1, and unstable for λ > 1. This resolves a long-standing conjecture (see, eg, [JT]). Received: 16 November 1998 / Accepted: 3 January 2000 RID="*" ID="*"Research on this paper was supported by NSERC under grant N7901 RID="**" ID="**"Present address: Courant Institute, 251 Mercer St., New York, NY 10012, USA.&para;E-mail: gustaf&commat;cims.nyu.edu     

PARALLEL ADAPTIVE SIMULATION OF A PLUNGING LIQUID JET

This paper is concerned with three-dimensional numerical simulation of a plunging liquid jet. The transient processes of forming an air cavity around the jet, capturing an initially large air bubble, and the break-up of this large toroidal-shaped bubble into smaller bubbles were analyzed. A stabilized finite element method （FEM） was employed under parallel numerical simulations based on adaptive, unstructured grid and coupled with a level-set method to track the interface between air and liquid. These simulations show that the inertia of the liquid jet initially depresses the pool＇s surface, forming an annular air cavity which surrounds the liquid jet. A toroidal liquid eddy which is subse- quently formed in the liquid pool results in air cavity collapse, and in turn entrains air into the liquid pool from the unstable annular air gap region around the liquid jet.     

AN ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTION OF THE NONLINEAR REDUCED WAVE EQUATION

1 IntroductionIn the theory of nonlinear optics[1], one is led to consider a nonlinear reduced wave equationwhere k is the wave number and n = n'(IuI') is a function of intensity Of the field and is calledthe index of refraction.We consider the case when the optical beam propagates in a quadratic index nledia sothat n'(luI') can be written aswhere no and n1 are constants.With IuI = O(k--'), d > 0, and following the discussion of this equation in two dimensionalspace (see [2]), we writeSubst…     

Recursive method for opacity expansion at finite temperature

Using a reaction operator approach, we derive the multiple-scattering induced gluon number distribution function to all orders in powers of opacity at finite temperature. The detailed balance effect is analyzed by taking into account both gluon emission and absorption in a thermal medium. We also calculate virtual corrections and show that the infrared divergence cancels out in the gluon distribution function at finite temperature.     

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ~(13)C CHEMICAL SHIFTS OF DNA AND INTERSTRAND PURINE-PURINE CLASH

The correlation between ~(13)C chemical shifts of DNA and structure parameters (the mainaxis helix twist angle Ω, base--plane roll angle ρ, main chain torsion angle δ and pro-peller twist angle ω) has been discovered and proved indirectly. The carbons relating tothe structure parameters have been found and interpreted theoretically. Relative variationsin chemical shifts of these carbons obviously reflect purine-purine clash (steric hindrance)and have been compared with sum functions Σ of Calladine--Dickerson rules. It would bepossible to provide the information about conformation of DNA from ~(13)C NMR spectra andto observe the structure parameters of Ω,ρ,δ and ω of DNA in solution.