Strongly isolated ferromagnetic layers in poly-trans-mu-dichloro- and poly-trans-mu-dibromobis(1-(2-chloroethyl)-tetrazole-N4)copper(II) complexes

Two new isostructural compounds, dichlorobis(1-(2-chloroethyl)tetrazole)copper(II) (1) and dibromobis(1-(2-chloroethyl)tetrazole)copper(II) (2), have been prepared. The synthesis, characterization, and spectral and magnetic properties as well as the crystal and molecular structures of 1 and 2 have been studied. Both complexes form two-dimensional, distorted square grid planes of copper and halides, distinctly separated by layers of tetrazole ligands. The differential (ac) magnetic susceptibility, chi = (deltaM/deltaH)(T), and magnetization M(H) of both complexes have been studied as a function of temperature and field. The compounds possess a ferromagnetic interaction within the isolated copper-halide layers (J/k(B) = 8.0 K, J/k(B) = 10.2 K, respectively, for the chloride and the bromide, and T(c) = 4.75 K, T(c) = 8.01 K). The magnetic coupling J'/k(B) between the different layers is found to be very weak (|J'/J| 相似文献   

Macromlecular engineering of polylactones and polylactides. XVI. On the way to the synthesis of ω-aliphatic primary amine poly (ϵ-caprolactone) and polylactides

Since bromides are well-known precursors of primary amines, diethylaluminum 12 bromo-1-dodecyl oxide has been prepared and used as an initiator for the ring-opening polymerization of ?-caprolactone and L-lactide. Uner strictly controlled conditions, the end-functionalization of the polyesters in quantitative and the bromo end-group is easily converted into an azide group whatever the polymeric backbone. The subsequent reduction of the azide into the expected primary amine has been investigated by catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) in DMF and by hydrolysis in the presence of triphenylphosphine in THF, respectively.The hydrolysis reaction (PΦ₃/H₂O) is perturbed by a coupling reaction, which involves a protonate secondary amine and leads to a twofold increase in the polyester molecular weight. The CTH method gives rise to the expected ω-NH₂ poly (?-caprolactone), in contrast to polylactide which seems to be unstable toward the nascent amine end group. Whatever the polarity of the medium (DMF or THF), aminolysis of polylactides is observed to occur and leads to the formation of an internal amide. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The Formation of Imidazolium Salt Intimate (Contact) Ion Pairs in Solution

1‐n‐Butyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium (BMMI) ionic liquids (ILs) associated with different anions undergo H/D exchange preferentially at 2‐Me group of the imidazolium in deuterated solvents. This process is mainly related to the existence of ion pairs rather than the anion basicity. The H/D exchange occurs in solvents (CDCl₃ and MeCN for instance) in which intimate contact ion pairs are present and the anion possesses a labile H in its structure, such as hydrogen carbonate and prolinate. In D₂O, separated ion pairs are formed and the H/D exchange does not occur. A plausible catalytic cycle is that the IL behaves as a neutral base in the course of all H/D exchange processes. NMR experiments, density functional calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations corroborate these hypotheses.     

Synthesis, spectroscopy, magnetism, and X-ray structures of hexakis(1-(2-chloroethyl)-tetrazole-N4)copper(II) salts

The compounds hexakis(1-(2-chloroethyl)-tetrazole-N4)copper(II) tetrafluoroborate mono(1-(2-chloroethyl)-tetrazole) (1) and hexakis(1-(2-chloroethyl)-tetrazole-N4) copper(II) perchlorate mono(1-(2-chloroethyl)-tetrazole) (2) were obtained from the crystallization of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-tetrazole (teec) with the respective copper salt. The X-ray structures are reported. Both compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c for 1: a = 25.754(3) Å, b = 18.162(3) Å, c = 10.298(2) Å = 104.294(7)° and Z = 4 and for 2: a = 25.745(3) Å, b = 18.197(3) Å, c = 10.29355(3) Å = 104.512(10)° and Z = 4. The Cu^II ions are octahedrally surrounded by six teec ligands. One free teec ligand is present in the structures. The Cu–N distances in the centrosymmetrical units are 2.01, 2.04, and 2.39 Å in both compounds, consistent with a Jahn–Teller elongated octahedron. The ligand field spectra of both compounds show a signal in the visible range at about 15.200 cm^–1 and by an EPR spectrum the following values are found: g _| = 2.29 and g = 2.03. The compounds are both paramagnetic and the T value of 0.37 cm^–1 K mol^–1, which is associated with S = 1/2, is what would be expected for a mononuclear Cu^II complex.     

Single-cell recording and stimulation with a 16k micro-nail electrode array integrated on a 0.18 μm CMOS chip

To cope with the growing needs in research towards the understanding of cellular function and network dynamics, advanced micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) based on integrated complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits have been increasingly reported. Although such arrays contain a large number of sensors for recording and/or stimulation, the size of the electrodes on these chips are often larger than a typical mammalian cell. Therefore, true single-cell recording and stimulation remains challenging. Single-cell resolution can be obtained by decreasing the size of the electrodes, which inherently increases the characteristic impedance and noise. Here, we present an array of 16,384 active sensors monolithically integrated on chip, realized in 0.18 μm CMOS technology for recording and stimulation of individual cells. Successful recording of electrical activity of cardiac cells with the chip, validated with intracellular whole-cell patch clamp recordings are presented, illustrating single-cell readout capability. Further, by applying a single-electrode stimulation protocol, we could pace individual cardiac cells, demonstrating single-cell addressability. This novel electrode array could help pave the way towards solving complex interactions of mammalian cellular networks.     

New approach to free energy of solvation applying continuum models to molecular dynamics simulation

A new approach to the calculation of the free energy of solvation from trajectories obtained by molecular dynamics simulation is presented. The free energy of solvation is computed as the sum of three contributions originated at the cavitation of the solute by the solvent, the solute-solvent nonpolar (repulsion and dispersion) interactions, and the electrostatic solvation of the solute. The electrostatic term is calculated based on ideas developed for the broadly used continuum models, the cavitational contribution from the excluded volume by the Claverie-Pierotti model, and the Van der Waals term directly from the molecular dynamics simulation. The proposed model is tested for diluted aqueous solutions of simple molecules containing a variety of chemically important functions: methanol, methylamine, water, methanethiol, and dichloromethane. These solutions were treated by molecular dynamics simulations using SPC/E water and the OPLS force field for the organic molecules. Obtained free energies of solvation are in very good agreement with experimental data.     

Solvation of monovalent anions in acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide: Parameterization of the IEF-PCM model

The present work reports the parameterization of the polarizable continuum model for predicting the free energies of solvation for monovalent anions in acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide. The parameterization of the model for acetonitrile employed the experimental free energies of solvation for a set of 12 charged solutes, containing H, C, N, O, S, F, Cl, Br, and I atoms. For the N,N-dimethylformamide solutions, experimental solvation free energies for 11 monovalent anions were used. A mean absolute error of 0.7 kcal/mol in the solvation free energies has been achieved for the 12 anions in acetonitrile, whereas the mean absolute error for the 11 anions corresponds to 0.5 kcal/mol in N,N-dimethylformamide. These results indicate that the polarizable continuum model is a suitable methodology for the study of thermodynamic effects in solutions of monovalent anions in both solvents.     

An optical comb filter for the stochastic cooling system at the Nuclotron accelerator (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,Russia)

To carry out longitudinal stochastic cooling of charge particle beams at the Nuclotron of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna), a unique optical comb filter was designed and developed. The designed filter has space-saving size, low insertion losses, and small dispersion. The comb filter tuning was automated using a specially designed software, which made it possible to reduce the tuning time and increase tuning accuracy up to several hertz. The designed filter with automatic tuning was successfully tested in an experiment on deuteron beam cooling. In this work, characteristics of the designed filter are presented and an algorithm of its automatic tuning is considered.