Chlorination features of 1,5-dinitro-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-enes

The electrophilic chlorine addition to 3-substituted 1,5-dinitro-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]-non-6-enes in the tetrachloromethane is accompanied at an intramolecular 3,7-cyclization giving 6-chloro-3-R-1,5-dinitro-3-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.03,7]nonane chlorides. The reaction of the tricyclic quaternary ammonium salts with sodium methoxide leads to the formation of dealkylated and dehydrohalogenated products, 3-substituted 8-chloro-1,5-dinitro-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-enes, bicyclic products with a halogen atom in an allyl position with respect to the double bond.     

Reduction of carbon monoxide by molybdenum-containing hydroxide systems

The reduction of CO by the nitrogen-fixing systems Ti(OH)₃−Mo(OH)₃ and MgTi₂O₄−Mo(OH)₃ was studied in aqueous and water-methanol media; in the latter,¹⁴CO was used as the reagent. The main reaction product is methanol, whose yield in the H₂O−MeOH−KOH mixture is almost an, order of magnitude higher than that in an aqueous alkaline solution. The data obtained were compared to those for the reduction of N₂ Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10 pp. 2081–2083, October, 1998.     

Specific features of the synthesis and the physicochemical properties of nanocomposite polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate with the introduction of SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The specific features of the synthesis and the physicochemical properties of new nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NPE) based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, a liquid electrolyte, and silicon dioxide were studied. The kinetics of polymerization of the system in question were studied by isothermal calorimetry and the optimal conditions for the hardening of the NPE were selected. The dependence of the conductivity of the electrolyte samples on the amount of SiO₂ nanopowder introduced, the presence of preliminary ultrasonic treatment of the nanocomposite mixture before the synthesis, and the storage duration of the samples was studied using the electrochemical impedance method. The maximum conductivity (4.3?10^–3 S cm^–1 at 20 °C) was observed for samples without preliminary treatment with the introduction of 6 wt.% of SiO₂ and for the samples after ultrasonic treatment with 8 wt.% of SiO₂. The electrolyte films with the optimal SiO₂ content of 4 wt.% maintained their properties for 24 months.     

Experimental and theoretical investigation of γ-butyrolactone decomposition on lithium electrode surface. Effect of Li3N layer

Dependence of gassing upon decomposition of 1 M LiClO₄ electrolyte in γ-butyrolactone (γBL) with various contents of water (0.008 and 0.2% w/w) at a lithium electrode on the current density of charging was studied. Quantum chemical modeling of γBL interaction with lithium surface was performed. The initial stage of γBL decomposition is the formation of a surface organolithium compound, which is hydrolyzed in the subsequent reactions with water.     

Silica-supported copper nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for the liquid-phase selective hydrogenation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-dinitrobenzene by molecular hydrogen

Monometallic and bimetallic copper-containing catalysts supported on silica gel KSKG were synthesized. The bimetallic Cu—Zn catalysts were most active and selective in the hydro-genation of p-dinitrobenzene (DNB) to p-phenylenediamine (PDA) (99% at 100% conversion of DNB). The highest activity and 99% selectivity to PDA at 100% DNB conversion were demonstrated by the monometallic catalysts with a Cu content of 9%. Unlike hydrogenation on the conventional catalysts, molecular H₂ is the hydrogenating agent in the presence of the copper-containing catalysts under relatively mild conditions (110–140 °C, 1.3 MPa).     

Nickel catalysis for hydrogenation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-dinitrobenzene to <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-phenylenediamine

The activity of supported nickel catalysts (5–20% Ni) in the hydrogenation of p-dinitrobenzene to p-phenylenediamine was investigated. The catalysts were obtained by ureainduced precipitation. Activated carbon, alumina, titania, and silica gel were evaluated as supports. The most active catalysts, 5%Ni/TiO₂ and 20%Ni/SiO₂, provided 50–54% yields of p-phenylenediamine at complete dinitrobenzene conversion.