Exposure dose assessment and discussion on radioisotope production and application

The exposure dose status on radioisotope production and application in China has been assessed in the paper. The average annual occupational exposure dose received by workers in the radioisotope production is about one tenth of the annual dose limit in normal situation. It is less than one twentieth for workers in the radioisotope applications. However, the annual collective dose for the latter is higher than the former by one oder of magnitude due to the larger number of workers in the application field. Although the output of radioisotopes increased doubly in 1980's as compared with 1970's, the increase on the annual collective dose was not obvious. For exposure to the public,¹³¹I for example, the collective dose in the radioisotope production decreased by one to two orders of magnitude and the releasing factor reduced by two orders of magnitude. Therefore, the exposure dose received by workers in radioisotope production and application is lower in normal situation. However, the facts worth paying attention to are that there were many events and accidents which happened in the radioisotope applications, especially at the irradiation facilities. The probability of fatal accident was as high as 10^–3 per irradiator year. In order to improve the radiation safety situation, it is imperative to conduct the safety assessment for irradiation facilities, to enhance management of the radioactive wastes and spent sources and to establish the experience feedback system.     

Electrochemical determination of trypsin using a heptapeptide substrate self-assembled on a gold electrode

Microchimica Acta - A simple and sensitive electrochemical method was developed for the determination of trypsin by employing a specific heptapeptide (CRRRRRR) as a substrate. The positively...     

稀土元素在脱硝催化剂中的应用

以NH₃为还原剂的选择性催化还原(SCR)技术可实现工业烟气中氮氧化物(NO_x)的超低排放,现有钒钛系脱硝催化剂具有生物毒性,且报废后为危险废物。稀土元素(REEs)具有独特的4f电子轨道,表现出优异的储释氧性能,在催化反应中可发挥重要作用,是当前新型脱硝催化剂的重要研究对象,也是国家鼓励的现有钒钛系催化剂的替代品。本文主要总结了铈、钐、镧等12种REEs在新型脱硝催化剂中的近5年研究进展,另有钪、镥等5种REEs的相关研究较少,重点阐述了REEs改善催化剂脱硝活性与稳定性的作用机制及耦合过渡金属的协同催化机理,初步提出了脱硝催化剂的设计原则,并展望了稀土脱硝催化剂的发展前景。     

2:17-type SmCo magnets prepared by powder injection molding using a water-based binder

2:17-type SmCo permanent magnets by powder injection molding using a water-based binder have been studied. The water-based binder is methylcellulose solution, which consists of deionized water and methylcellulose. When the solution concentration is 0.5 wt%, the carbon content of the sintered magnets is below 0.1 wt% and the magnets have better magnetic properties. The magnetic properties and density of the sintered magnets can be increased through pre-sintering in vacuum (10⁻³ Pa) at 1200 °C. However, the Sm content of the magnets loses obviously in pre-sintering for a long period. The appropriate pre-sintering duration is 20–40 min. The magnetic properties of the magnets are: Br=0.97 T, H_cj=871 kA/m, BH_max=157 kJ/m³. The structure of the magnet consists of the matrix phases (2:17 phases) and the precipitate phases (1:5 phases).