Lot Streaming in a Two-stage Flow Shop with Set-up,Processing and Removal Times Separated

This paper considers the job (lot) scheduling problem for two-stage flow shops in which the movement of transfer batches (sublots) from the first stage to the next are allowed. Set-up, processing and removal times are considered as separable and independent of the order in which jobs are processed at any of two stages. An optimal transfer batch sizing and scheduling algorithm which has an objective of minimizing the maximum flow time (makespan) is developed and demonstrated by a numerical example.     

Competitive adsorption and desorption of a bi-solute mixture: effect of activated carbon type

This study aims to clarify the effects of carbon activation type and physical form on the extent of adsorption capacity and desorption capacity of a bi-solute mixture of phenol and 2-chlorophenol (2-CP). For this purpose, two different PACs; thermally activated Norit SA4 and chemically activated Norit CA1, and their granular countertypes with similar physical characteristics, thermally activated Norit PKDA and chemically activated Norit CAgran, were used. The thermally activated carbons were better adsorbers for phenol and 2-CP compared with chemically activated carbons, but adsorption was more reversible in the latter case. 2-CP was adsorbed preferentially by each type of activated carbon, but adsorption of phenol was strongly suppressed in the presence of 2-CP. The simplified ideal adsorbed solution (SIAS) model underestimated the 2-CP loadings and overestimated the phenol loadings. However, the improved and modified forms of the SIAS model could better predict the competitive adsorption. The type of carbon activation was decisive in the application of these models. For each activated carbon type, phenol was desorbed more readily in the bi-solute case, but desorption of 2-CP was less compared with single-solute. This was attributed to higher energies of 2-CP adsorption.     

Quantum calculations of vibrational harmonic energy transfer in collinear collisions of X2Y2 + A and X2Y2 + A2

Quantum calculations of translational-vibrational energy transfer in atom-four-atom and diatom-four-atom collinear collisions are reported. Energy transfer shows a strong dependence on the reduced mass of the collision system and on whether the incoming particle is an atom or a molecule. Atom-molecule collisions are more efficient for energy transfer purposes.     

Ultrasound-assisted ozone bleaching of cotton

In this study, the effects of ultrasound on ozone treatment processes for bleaching cotton fabrics were investigated and compared with the conventional hydrogen peroxide bleaching process (60 °C over 90 min). Two ultrasonic + ozone treatments of cotton fabric samples were carried out: (1) ozone in an ultrasonic homogenizer (UH) and (2) ozone in an ultrasonic bath. Ozone dosages, temperature and time variations were determined with both ozone-ultrasonic bleaching processes. Whiteness, yellowness, weight, tensile strength properties, FTIR (ATR) spectra and visual appearance, via scanning electron microscopy of treated cotton fabrics as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD) of bleaching effluents, were investigated. It was concluded that the ozone + UH process, conducted for 30 min at 30 °C, produced closely equivalent values of cotton fabric whiteness and yellowness to the classic peroxide bleaching process, with slightly less weight loss, dramatically less COD in the process effluent (29 mg/l for ozone-UH vs. 4,316 mg/l for classical peroxide treatment), and without causing any adverse and/or detrimental effects on loss of fabric strength or elongation of the cotton fabrics. The ozone-UH process also leads to time and energy savings with much less environmental impact. Consequently, the combination of ozonation plus UH carried out at 30 °C over 30 min can be used successfully for cotton bleaching instead of the classic hydrogen peroxide bleaching process.     

Structural and electronic properties of lithium endohedral doped carbon nanocapsules

Endohedral lithium and lithium ion doped carbon nanocapsule (CNC) systems have been theoretically investigated by performing semi-empirical molecular orbital method at the level of PM3 (UHF and/or RHF) type quantum chemical treatment in order to explore the energetics and electronic structures. The geometries of the studied systems have been optimized and the molecular properties, energies, some selected molecular orbital eigenvalues and dipole moments of the studied capsules are reported. Molecular dynamics simulations have been also performed to study the structural properties and energetics of endohedral lithium and lithium ion doped CNCs.     

On Tauberian theorems for (<Emphasis Type="Italic">A,k</Emphasis>) summability method

Let (u _n ) be a sequence of real numbers. In this paper we introduce some Tauberian conditions in terms of regularly generated sequences for (A, k) summability method.     

Algebraic properties of separated power series

We study the commutative algebra of rings of separated power series over a ring E and that of their extensions: rings of separated (and more specifically convergent) power series from a field K with a separated E-analytic structure. Both of these collections of rings already play an important role in the model theory of non-Archimedean valued fields and we establish their algebraic properties. This will make a study of the analytic geometry over such fields through the classical methods of algebraic geometry possible.     

Voltammetry of resazurin at a mercury electrode

Electrochemical behavior of resazurin on HMDE in Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffers (pH 2.0–10.0) was studied using the square-wave voltammetry (SWV), square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The voltammogram of resazurin in B-R buffer at pH < 4.0 exhibited two cathodic reduction peaks. The voltammetric peaks were obtained at −0.144 V (reversible) and −1.250 V (irreversible) at pH 3.2, and correspond to the reduction of resorufin to dihydroresorufin and to the catalytic hydrogen wave, respectively. At pH > 4.0, a new irreversible cathodic reduction peak, assigned to the protonation of N-oxide on the phenoxazin ring, was observed. Electrochemical parameters (I _p/E _p, I _p/v, I _p/pH, I _p/t _acc) of the compound were determined. From the voltammetric data, electrochemical reduction mechanisms for all peaks have been suggested. Maximum peak current for the reversible peak was obtained at pH 4.1. A linear relationship between the current and concentration was determined, and also the lowest detection limit was found as 3.25 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹ and 1.98 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol L⁻¹ for SWV and SWAdSV, respectively.