Factorization of operator valued Lp for 0 ≤ p < 1

In [5], it is proved that a bounded linear operator u, from a Banach space Y into an L_p(S, ν) factors through L_p1 (S, ν) for some p₁ > 1, if Y* is of finite cotype; (S, ν) is a probability space for p = 0, and any measure space for 0 < p < 1. In this paper, we generalize this result to uv, where u : Y → L_p(S, ν) and v : X → Y are linear operators such that v* is of finite Ka?in cotype. This result gives also a new proof of Grothendieck's theorem. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Little Grothendieck's theorem for sublinear operators

Let SB(X,Y) be the set of the bounded sublinear operators from a Banach space X into a Banach lattice Y. Consider π₂(X,Y) the set of 2-summing sublinear operators. We study in this paper a variation of Grothendieck's theorem in the sublinear operators case. We prove under some conditions that every operator in SB(C(K),H) is in π₂(C(K),H) for any compact K and any Hilbert H. In the noncommutative case the problem is still open.     

Designing an all epitaxial 1,550 nm intra-cavity VCSEL using GaInAsN/AlGaInAs in the active region and AlGaAsSb/AlAsSb in top and bottom DBRs

In this paper, a 1,550 nm Intracavity structure vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) has been designed using quaternary compound QW/barrier materials of GaInAsN/AlGaInAs matched with InP substrate. This choice has been made instead of choosing widely used GaInAsP/InP and AlGaInAs/InP to gain some advantages. In addition to the introduction of new combination in the active region, a different compound semiconductor combination AlGaAsSb/AlAsSb has been used as the DBR material for achieving lattice matching and also for achieving higher refractive index contrast. Compared to widely used GaAs/AlGaAs DBR mirror system, which needed wafer fusion with the top and bottom sides of the active region at 1,550 nm, the chosen DBR of this design is advantageous. The active material compositions have been chosen to obtain a peak gain at 1,550 nm and all other compositions have been chosen to obtain close lattice match at the same time to obtain the desired bandgap at the desired layers. The end result of this design is a VCSEL based on InP substrate which is capable of producing 1,550 nm light output and which can be constructed using widely used epitaxial techniques because all of the layers are lattice matched.     

Electronic structure and related properties for quasi-binary (GaP)1−x (ZnSe) x crystals

The results of pseudopotential calculations of the band structure and related electronic and optical properties of quasi-binary (GaP)_1?x (ZnSe) _x crystals in the zinc blende structure are presented. Trends in bonding and ionicity are discussed in terms of electronic charge densities. Moreover, the composition dependence of the refractive index and dielectric constants are reported. The computed values are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. The results suggest that for a proper choice of the composition x, (GaP)_1?x (ZnSe) _x could provide more diverse opportunities to achieve the desired electronic and optical properties of the crystals which would improve the performances of devices fabricated on them.     

Hexagonal nanorods of tungsten trioxide: Synthesis, structure, electrochemical properties and activity as supporting material in electrocatalysis

Tungsten trioxide, unhydrated with hexagonal structure (h-WO₃), has been prepared by hydrothermal method at a temperature of 180 °C in acidified sodium tungstate solution. Thus prepared h-WO₃ has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and using electrochemical techniques. The morphology has been examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM) and it is consistent with existence of nanorods of 50-70 nm diameter and up to 5 μm length. Cyclic voltammetric characterization of thin films of h-WO₃ nanorods has revealed reversible redox behaviour with charge-discharge cycling corresponding to the reversible lithium intercalation/deintercalation into the crystal lattice of the h-WO₃ nanorods. In propylene carbonate containing LiClO₄, two successive redox processes of hexagonal WO₃ nanorods are observed at the scan rate of 50 mV/s. Such behaviour shall be attributed to the presence of at least two W atoms of different surroundings in the lattice structure of h-WO₃ nanorods. On the other hand, in aqueous LiClO₄ solution, only one redox process is observed at the scan rate of 10 mV/s. The above observations can be explained in terms of differences in the diffusion of ions inside two types of channel cavities existing in the structure of the h-WO₃ nanorods. Moreover, the material can be applied as active support for the catalytic bi-metallic Pt-Ru nanoparticles during electrooxidation of ethanol in acid medium (0.5 mol dm⁻³ H₂SO₄).     

A new method for the isolation and estimation of Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid in human urine

Summary A new, concise and efficient method of isolation and estimation of F. D. A. avoiding heating with acids, has been devised.Inositol and calcium gluconate when added to urine and subjected to the old method of isolation of F. D. A. result in no increase in the amount of F. D. A. This indicates that the increase in the output of this acid obtained before⁴ was a process within the body itself.Metabolic experiments with inositol and calcium gluconate adopting the new method gave a 3–4 fold increase in the F. D. A. output confirming that this increase is anin vivo process.

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Zusammenfassung Eine neue, genaue Methode zur Isolierung und Bestimmung von Furandicarbonsäure (F. D. C.) ohne Erhitzen des angesäuerten Untersuchungs-materials wurde ausgearbeitet. Werden Inosit und Calciumgluconat dem Harn vor Aufarbeitung nach der alten Methode zugesetzt, so führt dies zu keiner Erhöhung der F. D. C.-Menge. Die früher beobachtete Vermehrung der F. D. C.-Menge ist also die Folge von Vorgängen innerhalb des Organismus. Stoffwechselexperimente mit Inosit und Calciumgluconat mit der neuen Methode zeigen eine drei bis vierfach gesteigerte F. D. C.-Ausscheidung und bestätigen damit deren vermehrte Bildung in vivo.

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Résumé On a imaginé une nouvelle méthode rapide et efficace pour isoler et doser le F. D. A. en évitant le chauffage avec les acides. L'inositol et le gluconate de calcium, ajoutés à l'urine et soumis à la vieille méthode d'isolement du F. D. A. ne produisent pas de surcharge sur la quantité de F. D. A. Ce fait indique que l'augmentation du rendement de cet acide, obtenue auparavant, était un processus dans le corps humain lui-même.Des expériences sur le métabolisme avec l'inositol et le gluconate de calcium, en adoptant la nouvelle méthode, ont donné une augmentation de trois à quatre fois le rendement en F. D. A., ce qui confirme que cette augmentation se produitin vivo.

     

Ein verbesserter Glasnagel zam Filtrieren

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