Phase equilibria in the liquid ternary system [Th(NO<Subscript>3</Subscript>)<Subscript>4</Subscript>(TBP)<Subscript>2</Subscript>]-[Gd(NO<Subscript>3</Subscript>)<Subscript>3</Subscript>(TBP)<Subscript>3</Subscript>]-TBP-isooctane at different temperatures

The phase diagrams of the ternary system [Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₂]-[Gd(NO₃)₃(TBP)₃]-TBP-isooctane in the temperature range 298.15–333.15 K were constructed.     

Phase Separation of Ternary Liquid Systems Tetradecane-Cyclohexanone-Lanthanide(III) Nitrate Solvates with Tri-n-butyl Phosphate

The phase separation diagrams of ternary liquid systems tetradecane-cyclohexanone-lanthanide(III) nitrate solvates with tri-n-butyl phosphate {[Ln(NO₃)₃(TBP)₃, Ln is Nd or Sm} at T = 298.15 K were studied.     

Phase Equilibria in the Fullerene C60-Fullerene C70-Hexane-o-Xylene-Dimethylformamide System

The phase diagram of the hexane-o-xylene-dimethylformamide ternary liquid system was studied at T= 298.15 K. The diagram contained the regions of homogeneous solutions and two-phase liquid systems (systems with stratification), phase I being enriched in dimethylformamide and phase II, in hexane. The distribution of fullerenes C⁶⁰ and C⁷⁰ was considered at various concentrations and simultaneous presence in sections at variable phase compositions. The extraction isotherms of fullerenes C⁶⁰ and C⁷⁰ under various conditions were found to be close to linear, and the C⁷⁰/C⁶⁰ separation factor depended on the composition of the coexisting phases and ranged from 1.25 to 1.8. Fullerene C⁷⁰ was predominantly distributed in phase I.     

The solubility of fullerene C70 in monocarboxylic acids C n − 1H2n − 1COOH (n = 1–9) over the temperature range 20–80°C

The isothermal (20°C) solubility of fullerene C₇₀ in solvents of the homologous series of monocarboxylic acids C _{n ? 1}H_{2n ? 1}COOH (n = 1–9) and polythermal solubility over the temperature range 20–80°C of fullerene C₇₀ in solvents of the homologous series of monocarboxylic acids C _{n ? 1}H_{2n ? 1}COOH (n = 4–9) were studied. The corresponding solubility diagrams were obtained and characterized.     

Phase diagram for the hexane-acetonitrile-tri-<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-butyl phosphate-solvated thorium(IV) nitrate ternary liquid system

Phase diagrams of the hexane-acetonitrile-[Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₂] liquid ternary system were studied at various temperatures. The system consists of two pairs of incompletely miscible liquids: hexane-acetonitrile and [Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₂]-hexane. The two-liquid field in the [Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₂]-hexane system decreases with increasing temperature; the upper critical solution temperature T _cr = 337.85 ± 0.25 K. The temperature effect on the immiscibility field in the hexane-acetonitrile system is insignificant. The title ternary liquid system is characterized by two homogeneous liquid fields and one two-phase liquid field at T < 338 K. One phase is depleted of acetonitrile and contains variable proportions of [Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₂] and hexane; the other contains variable proportions of acetonitrile and [Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₂] and a small proportion of hexane. With rising temperature, the two-phase field narrows and deforms, whereas the homogeneous liquid fields expand. At T > 338 K, the system transforms into a ternary liquid system with one pair of incompletely miscible liquids (hexane-acetonitrile).     

Phase diagrams of (R4N)2[Nd(NO3)5]-carbon tetrachloride-n-octanol (n-butanol, n-decanol, cyclohexanol) liquid ternary systems at various temperatures

Phase diagrams are studied for (R₄N)₂[Nd(NO₃)₅]-CCl₄ n-octanol (n-butanol, n-decanol, cyclohexanol) ternary liquid systems, where R₄N⁺ stands for trialkylbenzylammonium, at T = 298.15–333.15 K. The (R₄N)₂[Nd(NO₃)₅]-CCl₄ binary system at all temperatures is a two-phase liquid. One phase (phase I) is almost neat carbon tetrachloride; the other (phase II) is enriched in (R₄N)₂[Nd(NO₃)₅]. The CCl₄ solubility in phase II increases with rising temperature. The liquid ternary systems are characterized by homogeneous and two-phase liquid solution fields. One phase is enriched in (R₄N)₂[Nd(NO₃)₅] and n-octanol (n-butanol, n-decanol, cyclohexanol) and the other in CCl₄. Miscibility fields in the ternary liquid systems narrow with rising temperature.     

Phase separation in the (R4N)2[Nd(NO3)5]-hydrocarbon solvent-chloroform systems at various temperatures

Phase diagrams were studied for (R₄N)₂[Nd(NO₃)₅]-C _n H_{2n + 2}-chloroform liquid ternaries (where R₄N⁺ is trialkylbenzylammonium and n = 10, 12, 14, or 15) at T = 298.15−333.15 K. (R₄N)₂[Nd(NO₃)₅]-C _{n H2n + 2} binaries are two-phase liquid systems at all temperatures in this range. One phase (phase I) is an almost pure hydrocarbon solvent. The other (phase II) is enriched in (R₄N)₂[Nd(NO₃)₅]. The C _n H_{2n + 2} solubility in phase II decreases with increasing the alkyl chain length of the hydrocarbon solvent and increases with increasing temperature. The title liquid ternaries are characterized by a homogeneous solution field and a two-phase liquid solution field. One phase is enriched in (R₄N)₂[Nd(NO₃)₅] and chloroform; the other is enriched in the hydrocarbon solvent. Liquid-liquid phase separation fields enlarge with increasing C _n H_{2n + 2} alkyl chain length and slightly narrow with increasing temperature. Critical solution points at fixed temperatures depend on C _n H_{2n + 2}. Original Russian Text ? A.K. Pyartman, V.A. Keskinov, P.V. Zaitsev, 2009, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2009, Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 531–534.     

Phase diagrams of (R4N)2[Nd(NO3)5]-decane-n-octanol (n-butanol, n-decanol) liquid ternary systems

Phase diagrams on the mole fraction scale are presented for decane- (R₄N)₂[Nd(NO₃)₅]-n-octanol(n-butanol, n-decanol) (1–2–3) ternary liquid systems, where R₄N⁺ stands for trialkylbenzylammonium, at T = 298.15 K. The C₁₀H₂₂-(R₄N)₂[Nd(NO₃)₅] binary system is a two-phase liquid system. One phase (phase I) is the almost neat solvent; the other (phase II) is enriched in (R₄N)₂[Nd(NO₃)₅]. The liquid ternary systems are characterized by homogeneous and two-phase liquid solution fields. One phase is enriched in (R₄N)₂[Nd(NO₃)₅] and n-octanol (n-butanol, n-decanol) and the other in C₁₀H₂₂. The miscibilities in the C₁₀H₂₂-(R₄N)₂[Nd(NO₃)₅] binary system and in the ternary liquid systems were used to calculate, from the equations of the nonrandom two-liquid model (NTRL), intermolecular interaction parameters and excess Gibbs free energies g ^E for the binary and ternary liquid systems along the binodal curve. g ^E > 0 is characteristic of the systems under study, while g ^E decreases in the series of pairs of liquids (1, 2), (1, 3), and (2, 3) Original Russian Text ? A.K. Pyartman, V.A. Keskinov, P.V. Zaitsev, N.A. Charykov, 2009, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2009, Vol. 54, No. 8, pp. 1392–1397.     

Phase equilibria at various temperatures in the ternary liquid system containing solvates of thorium(IV) and uranyl(VI) nitrates with tri-n-butyl phosphate and tetradecane

The phase diagram of the ternary liquid system [Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₂]-[UO₂(NO₃)₂(TBP)₂]-tetradecane (where TBP stands for tri-n-butyl phosphate) has been investigated at temperatures from 298.15 to 333.15 K. The ternary liquid system is characterized by a region of homogeneous solutions and a region of two-phase liquid systems (stratified systems). One phase is enriched with solvates [Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₃] and [UO₂(NO₃)₂(TBP)₂] (phase I), and the other is enriched with tetradecane (phase II). The temperature (T = 298.15–333.15 K) does not substantially affect the two-phase region. In the two-phase systems, the preferential distribution of [UO₂(NO₃)₂(TBP)₂] into phase I is observed in spite of the fact that the binary system [UO₂(NO₃)₂(TBP)₂]-tetradecane is a single phase at all temperatures investigated. The distribution of [UO₂(NO₃)₂(TBP)₂] into phase I leads to the redistribution of [Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₂] into phase II. At all temperatures investigated, the critical solution points of the ternary liquid system have compositions with close contents of the solvates [Th(NO₃)₄(TBP)₂] and [UO₂(NO₃)₂(TBP)₂].     

Polynuclear Branched Tetrazole Systems. 2. New 2-(5-Tetrazolyl)ethylpodands and Their NH-Acidity

Nine new polynuclear 2-(5-tetrazolyl)ethyl podands have been obtained by the azidation of the corresponding nitriles. Using Bjerrum distribution functions, the values of pK _a ¹, pK _a ², pK _a ³, and pK _a ⁴ have been determined by a potentiometric method for 14 polynuclear tetrazoles in aqueous and aqueous methanolic solution. The found values lie in the range from 3.5 to 7.5 pH units. The overall rules and the sequence of the ionization of the spatially separated tetrazole fragments in these podand systems are discussed.