Synthesis and Structural Proof of a Potent 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor

Abstract  

5-Lipoxygenase inhibitor 3-O-acetyl-9,11-dehydro-β-boswellic acid was detected in the extract of Boswellia serrata gum resulting from unstable 11-hydroxy precursor. It was reported more potent than other Boswellic acids in its inhibition of 5-Lipoxygenase. Here, we report the method of conversion of 3-acetoxy-β-boswellic acid to 3-O-acetyl-9,11-dehydro-β-boswellic acid, and the crystal structure of later. This compound crystallizes in orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁ with cell parameters of a = 12.726(1) ?, b = 16.597(1) ?, c = 27.332(2) ?, α = β = γ = 90°, V = 5772.7(5) ?³, D _c = 1.143 Mg/m³, and Z = 8. The X-ray structure investigation indicates that the rings A, B, D and E are exhibit chair and the ring C adopts a distorted half chair conformation. The conformational difference of the two structures in the arrangement is due to crystal packing of 3-O-acetyl-9,11-dehydro-β-boswellic acid. The molecular packing is stabilized by C–H···O and O–H···O types of hydrogen bonding interactions.     

Intermolecular interactions and charge density distribution of endocrine-disrupting molecules (xenoestrogens) with ERα: QM/MM perspective

Structural Chemistry - Xenoestrogens are endocrine-disrupting chemicals which are mimicking the action of estrogens in the active site of estrogen receptor-α (ERα). Bisphenol A,...     

Chitosan–sodium alginate encapsulated Co-doped ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript>–MWCNTs nanocomposites for photocatalytic decolorization of organic dyes

Photocatalytic decolorization properties of cobalt doped-ZrO₂-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Co–ZrO₂–MWCNTs) and chitosan–sodium alginate encapsulated Co–ZrO₂–MWCNTs (CS/Alg–Co–ZrO₂–MWCNTs) with varying weight percentage of Co–ZrO₂–MWCNTs are presented in this research paper. The Co–ZrO₂–MWCNTs was first synthesized through homogenous co-precipitation method and introduced into the chitosan–sodium sodium alginate (CS/Alg) biopolymer matrix. The bio-nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, (UV–Vis)-spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy to obtain information on their structure, formation, morphology, size and elemental analysis. The photodecolorization efficiency of the samples was determined through their decolorization of trypan blue dye aqueous solution in 180 min. Recyclability of the catalysts was also assessed. The bio-nanocomposites experienced reduced band gap values with subsequent improvement in visible light activity compared to the uncapped Co–ZrO₂–MWCNTs. All the CS/Alg–Co–ZrO₂–MWCNTs exhibited higher photodecolorization activities than the uncapped Co–ZrO₂–MWCNTs. The most efficient catalyst (CS/Alg–40 % Co–ZrO₂–MWCNTs) with a band gap of 2.56 eV displayed 94 % decolorization efficiency of the dye. Though reusability of the catalyst is significant, its efficiency diminished consistently after each cycle.     

Low Temperature Crystal Structure of 5-Hydroxy-1,7-Bis-(4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxy-Phenyl)-Hepta-1,6-Dien-3-one

Abstract  

The title compound 5-Hydroxy-1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-hepta-1,6-dien-3-one crystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pca2₁ with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The unit cell parameters are: a = 35.5368(8), b = 7.7799(2), c = 12.6796(3) ?, D _calc = 1.396 Mgm⁻³, V = 3505.6(2) ?³ and Z = 8. The two aromatic rings in both the molecules are found almost coplanar, their dihedral angles are 18.8° and 13.8°, respectively. The molecular packing is stabilized by strong O–H···O and C–H···O types of hydrogen bonding interactions. The keto and enol groups form an strong O–H···O intra-molecular interaction in both molecules of asymmetric unit. The molecular alignment in the crystal forming a staircase type of stacking through cross link intermolecular interactions.     

Charge density distribution and electrostatic moments of N‐(4‐chloro‐3‐ trifluromethyl‐phenyl)‐2‐ethoxy‐benzamide molecule at the active site of p300 enzyme: A quantum chemical and theoretical charge density study

A Charge density analysis of CTB molecule in gas phase (Form I ) and the same present at the active site (Form II ) of p300 enzyme were performed for the wave functions obtained from the Density functional method (B3LYP) with the basis set 6‐311G**. This study has been carried out to understand the nature of conformational modification, charge redistribution and the change of electrostatic moments of the CTB molecule when present at the active site of p300. The difference of charge density distribution between both forms of CTB molecule explicitly indicates the effect of intermolecular interaction on CTB molecule in the active site. The dipole moment of CTB in the gas phase (9.6 D) has been significantly decreased (4.27 D) when it present at the active site of p300; this large variation is attributed to the charge redistribution in CTB, due to the intermolecular interaction between the CTB and the receptor p300 molecule. The electrostatic potential maps differentiate the difference of electrostatic potential between the two forms. A large electronegative region is found at the vicinity of oxygen and fluorine atoms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012     

Exploring the conformation,charge density distribution and the electrostatic properties of galanthamine molecule in the active site of AChE using DFT and AIM theory

Quantum chemical calculations and charge density analysis were carried out to understand the geometry, charge density distribution and the electrostatic properties of isolated galanthamine molecule (form I) and for the same lifted out from the active site (form II) of AChE. The optimized geometry of isolated galanthamine was obtained from a hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP/6‐311G**) calculation. A docking analysis on galanthamine with AChE was performed, and the lowest docked energy structure was selected from the active site of AChE for the further study. A single point energy quantum chemical calculation (B3LYP/6‐311G**) was carried out for the lowest energy structure, which was lifted from the galanthamine–AChE complex from molecular docking analysis. The structural comparison between (I) and (II) helps to understand the conformational modification of the galanthamine molecule in the active site. When the molecule present in the active site, the molecular geometry is seen to be significantly altered, specifically, large changes were observed in the outer core of the molecule while the inner core geometry is intact. The bond topological and electrostatic properties of (I) and (II) were calculated. The dipole moment of the galanthamine molecule also increases from 2.09 to 2.67 D in the process. A large negative electrostatic potential region is found at the vicinity of oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the molecule, which predominantly involve strong hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions with the amino acid residues TRP84, PHE330, GLY118, TYR70, and SER122 present in the active site of AChE. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A theoretical charge density study on nitrogen-rich 4,4′,5,5′-tetranitro-2,2′-bi-1H-imidazole (TNBI) energetic molecule

The bond topological and electrostatic properties of nitrogen-rich 4,4′,5,5′-tetranitro-2,2′-bi-1H-imidazole (TNBI) energetic molecule have been calculated from the DFT method with the basis set 6-311G** and the AIM theory. The optimized geometry of this molecule is almost matched with the experimental geometric parameters. The electron density at the bond critical point and the Laplacian of electron density of C–NO₂ bonds are not equal, one of them is much weaker than the other. Similar trend exists in the C–N bonds of the imidazole ring of the molecule. The ratio of the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the weakest bond to the molecular total energy exhibits nearly a linear correlation with the impact sensitivity; its h ₅₀% value is ~32.01 cm. The electrostatic potential around both the nitro groups are found unequal; the NO₂ group of weakest C–NO₂ bond exhibits an extended electronegative region.     

Probing the weakest bond and the cleavage of p‐chlorobenzaldehyde diperoxide energetic molecule via quantum chemical calculations and theoretical charge density analysis

A high‐level ab initio Hartree‐Fock/Møller‐Plesset 2 and density functional theory quantum chemical calculations were performed on p‐chlorobenzaldehyde diperoxide energetic molecule to understand its bond topological, electrostatic, and energetic properties. The optimized molecular geometry for the basis set 6‐311G** exhibit chair diperoxide ring and planar aromatic side rings. Although the diperoxide ring bear same type of side rings, surprisingly, both the rings are almost perpendicular to each other, and the dihedral angle is 96.1°. The MP2 method predicts the O? O bond distance as ～1.466 Å. The charge density calculation reveals that the C? C bonds of chlorobenzaldehyde ring have rich electron density and the value is ～2.14 e Å^?3. The maximum electron density of the O? O bonds does not lie along the internuclear axes; in view of this, a feeble density is noticed in the ring plane. The high negative values of laplacian of C? C bonds (approximately ?22.4 e Å^?5) indicate the solidarity of these bonds, whereas it is found too small (approximately ?1.8 e Å^?5 for MP2 calculation) in O? O bonds that shows the existence of high degree of bond charge depletion. The energy density in all the C? C bonds are found to be uniform. A high electronegative potential region is found at the diperoxide ring which is expected to be a nucleophilic attack area. Among the bonds, the O? O bond charge is highly depleted and it also has high bond kinetic energy density; in consequence of this, the molecular cleavage is expected to happen across these bonds when the material expose to any external stimuli such as heat or pressure treatment. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011