Discussion on the method for the measurement of the flexural modulus of coupled materials and reasons of the shifts of theQ −1 maxima caused by coupling

Summary When measuringQ ^–1 and the flexural resonance frequency of bars clamped at one end, constituted by a viscoelastic polymeric material glued to a rigid support of modulusE ₁, it is possible to calculate the componentsE ₂ andE ₂ of the complex elastic modulus of the polymeric material examined. In this work the minimum (critical) value of the ratioa=E ₂ /E ₁=a _c and the values of the ratioQ ₂ ^–1/Q ^–1=F ₁ are evaluated beyond which no exact calculation ofE ₂ and ofQ ₂ ^–1 is possible.Within the confidence limits of the linear viscoelasticity theory, these values depend on the accuracy of measurement of both frequency and resonance curve, as well as on the instrument employed, on the operating temperature and on the ratio between the thicknesses of the two coupled materials.In order to keep outside the critical conditions, the most convenient method involves the use of measurements of coupled test-pieces having different ratiosz between their thicknesses and of supports having different modulusE ₁, depending on the field of temperature of the analysis ofE ₂ and tg ₂ concerning and E.P.R. elastomer and a vulcanized cis-1,4 polyisoprene in very wide ranges of temperature comprising the glass transition. Moreover, it is demonstrated by analysis the shift on the temperature axis of the tg maximum of the composite test-piece with respect to the position of the tg maximum of the polymeric material alone.With 11 figures and 1 table     

A 1H NMR Study of the Kinetics of the Reaction of Diisocyanates with Ethlene Oxide-Dimethylsiloxane-Ethylene Oxide Block Copolymer

The reaction of pure 2–4 and 2–6 tolylene diisocyanate with an OH terminated ethylene oxide-dimethylsiloxane-ethylene oxide ABA block copolymer was carried out directly in a n.m.r. tube. The kinetic of the reaction was studied by ¹H nmr spectroscopy.     

Macroscopic evidence of soliton formation in multiterawatt laser-plasma interaction

A novel physical phenomenon has been observed following the interaction of an intense (10(19) W/cm(2)) laser pulse with an underdense plasma. Long-lived, macroscopic bubblelike structures have been detected through the deflection that the associated electric charge separation causes in a proton probe beam. These structures are interpreted as the remnants of a cloud of relativistic solitons generated in the plasma by the ultraintense laser pulse. This interpretation is supported by an analytical study of the soliton cloud evolution, by particle-in-cell simulations, and by a reconstruction of the proton-beam deflection.     

Phase mixing and island saturation in Hamiltonian reconnection

The nonlinear evolution of a Hamiltonian magnetic field line reconnection in a two-dimensional fluid plasma leads to a macroscopic equilibrium with a finite-size island and fine-scale spatial structures. The latter arise from the phase mixing of the Lagrangian invariant fields. This equilibrium is the analog of the Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal equilibrium solution for electrostatic Langmuir waves.     

Stability of a plasma foil in the radiation pressure dominated regime

The stability of a thin plasma foil accelerated to relativistic velocities by the radiation pressure of an ultra high intensity electromagnetic pulse is investigated. The effects of the onset of a Rayleigh-Taylor-like instability are discussed in the context of the ion acceleration process during the interaction of the laser pulse with the plasma. It is stressed that the experimental study of this advanced laser plasma interaction regime will be accessible within the framework of the ELI experiment and will be of relevance for our understanding of high energy astrophysical phenomena.     

Photon bubbles and ion acceleration in a plasma dominated by the radiation pressure of an electromagnetic pulse

The stability of a thin plasma foil accelerated by the radiation pressure of a high intensity electromagnetic (e.m.) pulse is investigated analytically and with particle in cell numerical simulations. It is shown that the onset of a Rayleigh-Taylor-like instability can lead to transverse bunching of the foil and to broadening of the energy spectrum of fast ions. The use of a properly tailored e.m. pulse with a sharp intensity rise can stabilize the foil acceleration.     

Charge transfer properties of Tröger base derivatives

Two triarylamine centers bridged through an aliphatic bridge feature unexpected charge transfer properties, bearing an important electronic coupling between them in the absence of a π linker; EPR, electrochemistry, electronic spectroscopy and first principles molecular calculations are combined to study the electronic structure of this compound.