The use of an atomizer for chemical pleurodesis

Summary An atomizer had been designed that could create an aerosol of a liquid with high viscosity. The amount of additional driving gas that had to be used was very low. In a cooperation with the University Hospital in Zurich the atomizer was miniaturized and used for treating six patients.     

Effects of Sintering Temperature and Press Pressure on the Microstructure and Electrochemical Behaviour of the Ag2O/GO Nanocomposite

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of press pressure and sintering temperature on the microstructure and electrochemical performance of silver oxide-graphene oxide composite as a novel electrode produced by the powder metallurgy (PM) route. Scanning electron microscopy method used to investigate the microstructure of electrodes and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis method was used for point analysis. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods were used to research the effects of sintering temperature and press pressure on the electrochemical behaviour in the 1.4 wt % KOH solution and electrical discharge test was used for evaluate the ultimate electrical capacity of silver oxide-zinc batteries with electrolyte of the 1.4 wt % KOH solution.

     

Imidazolium-based ionic liquid derivative/Cu<Superscript>II</Superscript> complexes as efficient catalysts of the lucigenin chemiluminescence system and its application to H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> and glucose detection

The effects of six synthetic imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) on the Cu^II-catalyzed chemiluminescence of lucigenin (Luc-CL) in the pH range 6.0–11 were investigated. Preliminary experiments found that the CL emission was strongly enhanced or inhibited in the presence of the ILs. The degree of enhancement or inhibition of the CL intensity in the presence of each IL was related to the molecular structure of the IL, the medium used, and the pH. The maximum enhancement of the CL intensity was observed at pH 9.0 (amplification factor?=?443). This decrease in the pH at which maximum CL enhancement occurred and the substantial signal amplification of the Luc-CL may be related to a strong interaction between Cu^II and the imidazolium ring of superior ILs at this pH. Additionally, the formation of IL microdomains in semi-aqueous media permitted more solubility of the product yielded by the Luc-CL reaction (N-methylacridone), which could increase the CL intensity. To obtain consistent data on the catalytic efficiency of Cu^II in the presence of various ILs as well as the corresponding CL emission intensities, fluorescence quantum yields (Φ _F) of lucigenin were measured under the same conditions. Comparison of the data pointed to the mechanism that controls the properties of Luc-CL in the presence of the Cu^II/IL complexes. Based on the catalytic effect of the Cu^II/IL complex and the measurement of the enzymatically generated H₂O₂, a novel, simple, and sensitive CL method for determining glucose with a detection limit (LoD) of 6.5 μM was developed. Moreover, this method was satisfactorily applied to the determination of glucose in human serum and urine samples.

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Graphical Abstract The lucigenin chemiluminescence assay for H₂O₂ and glucose using imidazolium–based ionic liquid derivatives/Cu^II complexes as efficient catalysts at pH 9.0

     

One-pot multicomponent synthesis of indol-3-yl-hydrazinyl thiazoles as antimicrobial agents

A series of novel mono- and bis(indol-3-yl)hydrazinyl thiazole derivatives were efficiently synthesized via one-pot cyclocondensation of mono- or bis(indole-3-carbaldehyde), thiosemicarbazide, and phenacyl bromides. The structure of the products was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and ¹³C NMR spectra. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enteritis). Among the compounds screened, a few were found to be highly effective antibacterial agents. The bis-compounds with OCH₃ donating group exhibited good activity against the Gram-positive bacteria.     

Glucose Chemiluminescence Biosensor Based on Covalent Immobilization of Enzyme in Glutaraldehyde-Functionalized Glass Cell and Direct Coupling of Chitosan-Induced Au/Ag alloy Nanoparticles

We report herein the development of a novel glucose chemiluminescence (CL) biosensor based on covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOD) in glutaraldehyde-functionalized glass cell and direct coupling of chitosan-induced Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles on it, and how it may be useful for determination of glucose due to CL detection of enzymatically generated H₂O₂. In addition, the nanoalloy offers excellent catalytic activity toward hydrogen peroxide generation in enzymatic reaction between GOD and glucose and increases stability of covalent-linked enzyme. Chitosan molecules act as both the reducing and stabilizing agents for the preparation of nanoparticles (NPs) and also as a coupling agent between GOD and Au/Ag alloy NPs, which made possible the fabrication of a sensitive, accurate and stable biosensor for glucose. Under the optimum conditions, the biosensor can be used for the determination of glucose in the range of 1.2 × 10^–6 to 6.25 × 10^–3 M with a detection limit of 5.0 × 10^–7 M. The CL biosensor exhibited good storage stability, i.e., 90% of its initial response was retained after 2 months storage at pH 7.0. The present CL biosensor has been used to determine glucose in real serum and urine samples and validated against colorimetric spectrophotometry method.     

Central composite design with the help of multivariate curve resolution in loadability optimization of RP‐HPLC to scale‐up a binary mixture

Chromatographic method development for preparative targets is a time‐consuming and subjective process. This can be particularly problematic because of the use of valuable samples for isolation and the large consumption of solvents in preparative scale. These processes could be improved by using statistical computations to save time, solvent and experimental efforts. Thus, contributed by ESI‐MS, after applying DryLab software to gain an overview of the most effective parameters in separation of synthesized celecoxib and its co‐eluted compounds, design of experiment software that relies on multivariate modeling as a chemometric approach was used to predict the optimized touching‐band overloading conditions by objective functions according to the relationship between selectivity and stationary phase properties. The loadability of the method was investigated on the analytical and semi‐preparative scales, and the performance of this chemometric approach was approved by peak shapes beside recovery and purity of products.     

Silver-catalyzed facile decarboxylation of coumarin-3-carboxylic acids

A simple and highly efficient protocol with mild reaction conditions has been developed that allows the smooth protiodecarboxylation of diversely functionalized coumarin-3-carboxylic acids. In the presence of catalytic amounts of Ag₂CO₃ and acetic acid, even un-activated coumarin-3-carboxylic acids were converted in good to excellent yields and with great preparative ease to the corresponding coumarin derivatives.