The Effect of the Nature and Structure of Adsorbents on Interaction with Ibuprofen

The interaction of ibuprofen [2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid] with the surface of carbon and oxide adsorbents was investigated. The significant role of wide pores during the adsorption of ibuprofen on carbon adsorbents in the presence of protein molecules was demonstrated. At low concentrations ibuprofen is adsorbed on the surface of hydrophilic and hydrophobic adsorbents in the form of a monomer, but the contribution from the adsorbed dimer increases with increase in its concentration.     

A study of the propagation of a quasistationary relativistic electron beam in a dense gas. II. Experimental studies

Results obtained from experimental studies of the interaction between a quasistationary electron beam (300 keV, 20 A, 500 sec, 0.3 cm) and a dense gas are presented. These investigations were carried out in air at atmospheric pressure and, for the purpose of modeling the propagation of a magnetostricted REB, at reduced pressure (3–300 torr). The rarefaction dynamics of a channel heated by the beam are studied and its maximum propagation distances in a dense gas are determined. The results obtained are compared with the theoretical model examined earlier.V. I. Lenin All-Union Institute of Electrical Engineering. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 190–197, February, 1991.     

Generation and amplification of nanosecond pulses by iodine lasers

Results are reported of experimental investigations of high-power photodissociation iodine laser pumped by lamps and by radiation from high-current electric discharges. The basic parameters of the working medium, the parameters of both lamp-pumped and discharge-pumped lasers, and methods of shaping of a short pulse with diffraction directivity of the radiation are investigated. The possibility of effective amplification of a short pulse by an iodine amplifier pumped with an open high-current discharge is demonstrated. An iodine laser generating a pulse of duration I nsec, divergence 10^-4 rad, and energy 100 J at a contrast 10⁸ and 300 J at a contrast 10²–10³ is described.Translated from Trudy Ordena Lenina Fizicheskogo Instituta im. P. N. Lebedeva, Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vol. 125, 46–103, 1980.     

Successive interaction of pairs of soluble organics with nanosilica in aqueous media

Successive interaction of different pairs of water-soluble polymers (poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)), proteins (bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin, gelatin, and ossein), and smaller organics such as lecithin (1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine, SOPC) and Aethonium (1,2-ethylene-bis(N-dimethyl carbodecyl oxymethyl) ammonium dichloride) with nanosilicas A-300 (S(BET)=232 and 297 m(2) g(-1)) and A-50 (S(BET)=52 m(2)g(-1)) was studied using dynamic light scattering, adsorption, and infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods. Time-dependent rearrangement of particle size distributions (PSDs) depicts appearance of both smaller and larger aggregates for silica/PEG(I-first adsorbate)/BSA(II-second adsorbate) and silica/PVP(I)/BSA(II) (i.e., BSA adsorbs onto PEG/silica or PVP/silica) than that for silica/organic compound I. However, in the cases of PVA(I)-BSA(II) and PVA(I)-SOPC(II) a similar effect is not observed because only increased aggregation occurs. The successive equilibrium adsorption of similar pairs shows a diminution of the adsorption of the second compound (gelatin, ovalbumin) with increasing amount of the first adsorbed polymer (PEG or PVP).     

The effect of mechanical activation on the hydration properties of nanodispersed silica

The hydration of highly dispersed nanosize silica was studied by low-temperature ¹H NMR spectroscopy before and after the mechanical activation in a ball mill.     

Noise Immunity of a Laser Receiver with an Iodine Active Quantum Filter

The effect of a wide-range background exposure on the sensitivity of a laser receiver with an iodine quantum filter ( =1.315 m) is theoretically investigated. The sensitivity of the laser receiver is shown to be only about 12% less than the quantum limit when detecting optical signals against the background of the solar disk. It is also shown that in the case where the radiance temperature of a blackbody considered as a source of background radiation is 1.6· 10⁴ K, a twofold decrease in the sensitivity of the laser receiver is expected. The sensitivity of the receiver discussed is compared with that of a receiver with a visible-range photomultiplier tube. In the case of detection of optical signals against the background of the solar disk, the sensitivity of a receiver with an FEU-115 photomultiplier tube and interference filter ( 5 nm) is approximately 400 photons when the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiver is equal to unity.     

Interaction of poly(ethylene oxide) with fumed silica

Interaction of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, 600 kDa) with fumed silica A-300 (SBET = 316 m2/g) was investigated under different conditions using adsorption, infrared (IR), thermal analysis (TG-DTA), AFM, and quantum chemical methods. The studied dried silica/PEO samples were also carbonized in a flow reactor at 773 K. The structural characteristics of fumed silica, PEO/silica, and pyrocarbon/fumed silica were investigated using nitrogen adsorption-desorption at 77.4 K. PEO adsorption isotherm depicts a high affinity of PEO to the fumed silica surface in aqueous medium. PEO adsorbed in the amount of 50 mg per gram of silica (PEO monolayer corresponds to CPEO approximately 190 mg/g) can disturb approximately 70% of isolated surface silanols. However, at the monolayer coverage, only 20% of oxygen atoms of PEO molecules take part in the hydrogen bonding with the surface silanols. An increase in the PEO amount adsorbed on fumed silica leads to a diminution of the specific surface area and contributions of micro- (pore radius R < 1 nm) and mesopores (1 < R < 25 nm) to the pore volume but contribution of macropores (R > 25 nm) increases with CPEO. Quantum chemical calculations of a complex of a PEO fragment with a tripple bond SiOH group of a silica cluster in the gas phase and with consideration for the solvent (water) effect show a reduction of interaction energy in the aqueous medium. However, the complex remains strong enough to provide durability of the PEO adsorption complexes on fumed silica; i.e., PEO/fumed silica nanocomposites could be stable in both gaseous and liquid media.     

Interaction of 1-(β-oxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole with the surface of highly dispersed silica

Using the IR spectroscopy method, it has been established that formation of a monolayer 1-(β-oxyethyl)-3-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (metronidazole) on the surface of nonporous amorphous highly dispersed silica (S_sp = 230 m²/g) occurs during its absorption in an amount of 0.6 mmole/g. Such a content of adsorbate corresponds to the concentration of free silanol groups that are main active centers of the surface. Based on the analysis of the IR spectra of the specimens obtained and the dependence of the degree of perturbation of silanol groups on the content of adsorbed metronidazole, the structure of the surface adsorption complexes is suggested. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 6, pp. 717–721, November–December, 2005.     

Structural, textural and adsorption characteristics of nanosilica mechanochemically activated in different media

The structural, textural, and adsorption characteristics of mechanochemically activated (MCA) fumed silica A-300 as dry or water, ethanol, or water/ethanol-wetted powders (0.5 g of a solvent per gram of silica) in a ball mill for 1-6 h were studied in comparison with those of the initial powder. The MCA treatment enhances bulk density (ρ(b)) of the powder (from 0.045 g/cm(3) for the initial silica to 0.4 g/cm(3) for 6 h-MCA-treated water-wetted silica) depending on medium type and MCA time (t(MCA)). Stronger effects are observed for the MCA treatment of water-wetted silica than of dry or ethanol- or water/ethanol-wetted samples. The MCA treatment weakly affects the specific surface area (S(BET)). However, void (pore) size distribution, porosity, particle aggregation and size distribution in aqueous suspension, behavior of interfacial water, properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/silica composites and adsorption of gelatin depend more strongly on the t(MCA) and ρ(b) values. Some of the observed changes in the characteristics (e.g., gelatin adsorption) depend on the ρ(b) value but are independent of the medium type used on the MCA. Other characteristics are nonlinear functions of both t(MCA) and ρ(b) values.