全文获取类型
收费全文 | 681篇 |
免费 | 7篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 172篇 |
晶体学 | 1篇 |
力学 | 23篇 |
数学 | 122篇 |
物理学 | 371篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 17篇 |
2013年 | 26篇 |
2012年 | 23篇 |
2011年 | 38篇 |
2010年 | 17篇 |
2009年 | 15篇 |
2008年 | 35篇 |
2007年 | 28篇 |
2006年 | 28篇 |
2005年 | 25篇 |
2004年 | 27篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 22篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 22篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 8篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1964年 | 4篇 |
1939年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有689条查询结果,搜索用时 72 毫秒
1.
E. Nir Ch. Plützer K. Kleinermanns M. de Vries 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2002,20(3):317-329
The vibronic spectra of laser desorbed and jet cooled guanine (G) adenine (A), and cytosine (C) consist of bands from four,
two and two major tautomers respectively, as revealed by UV-UV and IR-UV double resonance spectroscopy. The vibronic spectrum
of adenine around 277 nm consists of weak nπ* and strong ππ* transitions, based on IR-UV and deuteration experiments. Precise ionization potentials of G and A were determined with 2-color,
2-photon ionization. We also measured vibronic and IR spectra of several base pairs. GC exhibits a HNH ... OH/NH ... N/C=O ... HNH bonding similar to the Watson-Crick GC base pair but with C as enol tautomer. One GG isomer exhibits non-symmetric hydrogen
bonding with HNH ... N/NH ... N/C=O ... HNH interactions. A second observed GG isomer has a symmetrical hydrogen bond arrangement with C=O ... NH/NH ... O=C bonding. Two CC isomers were observed with symmetrical C=O ... NH/NH ... O=C bonding and nonsymmetrical C=O ... HNH/NH ... N interaction, respectively. Guanosine (Gs), 2-DeoxyGs und 3-DeoxyGs each exhibit only one isomer in the investigated wavelength
range around 290 nm with a strong intramolecular sugar(5-OH) ... enolguanine(3-N) hydrogen bond.
Received 16 June 2002 / Received in final form 15 July 2002 Published online 13 September 2002 相似文献
2.
Arndt Meier Aaron Goldman Thomas M. Stephen Nicholas B. Jones 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2004,83(1):109-113
High-resolution ground-based infrared solar spectra are routinely recorded at the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) stations. These data sets play a key role in providing a long-term record of atmospheric composition and their links to climate change. The analysis of observed infrared spectra involves comparison to a computer-modeled atmosphere where knowledge of the air mass distribution is an essential component. This note summarises improvements made to an existing and widely used computer code (FSCATM) to perform refractive ray-tracing and calculation of the air mass distribution. Changes were made towards higher vertical resolution in the troposphere and increased numerical precision. The revised FSCATM improves the analysis of infrared spectra mostly through the more accurate representation of the temperature profile. Air mass differences with respect to earlier versions are documented and are typically <0.7%, exceptions being extreme cases of inversion layers. The current version provides ray tracing and air mass calculations for any terrestrial observation site. The output files are reported in a format compatible with the SFIT and SFIT2 retrieval algorithms, which are widely used for NDSC infrared atmospheric studies. The improved computer code, documentation, reference profiles, and test cases are available electronically. 相似文献
3.
Noncooperative games are used to demonstrate that, while free riding is always an option, the “tragedy of the commons” is not inevitable. When the decision to cooperate or free ride is considered in a dynamic setting, there is no intermediate case where some cooperate and others free ride. The game is only stabilized in either full cooperation or full defection. The important factor in obtaining a cooperative outcome is the critical number of players that decide to cooperate. The concept of commitment is used to demonstrate the necessary and sufficient conditions for full cooperation. Although the analysis is based on a shared water resource, it can be extended to other natural resources with common costs and private benefits, especially in the cases where there are no international authorities or treaties that internalize the externalities involved in privatizing the resource. 相似文献
4.
The germ of an analytic varietyX at a pointxX is said to bequadratic if it is bi-analytically isomorphic to the germ of a cone defined by a system of homogeneous quadratic equations at the origin. Arms, Marsden and Moncrief show in [2] that under certain conditions the analytic germ of a level set of a momentum mapping is quadratic. We discuss related ideas in a more algebraic context by associating to an affine Hamiltonian action a differential graded Lie algebra, which in the presence of an invariant positive complex structure, is formal in the sence of [5].Dedicated to the memory of Bruce Reinhart 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Ellen R. Goldman Igor L. Medintz George P. Anderson Brent L. Iverson George Georgiou Hedi Mattoussi 《Analytica chimica acta》2005,534(1):63-67
We report a simple and versatile approach for the conjugation of luminescent CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) to proteins through coordination of engineered C-terminal oligohistidine sequences. Several histidine tail containing proteins were self-assembled onto the QD surface using this method. A recombinant antibody specific for the high explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was conjugated to QDs through a carboxy terminal histidine tail and the bioconjugate used to detect TNT by competitive immunoassay. TNT was detected over the range of 10 μg/ml down to 41 ng/ml using the scFv conjugated to QDs. These results open up the possibility to conjugate luminescent QDs to a whole range of proteins to form QD bioconjugates that can be effectively used in bio-oriented applications, such as sensing, imaging, immunoassay and other diagnostics. 相似文献