DNA polymerase template interactions probed by degenerate isosteric nucleobase analogs

The development of novel artificial nucleobases and detailed X-ray crystal structures for primer/template/DNA polymerase complexes provide opportunities to assess DNA-protein interactions that dictate specificity. Recent results have shown that base pair shape recognition in the context of DNA polymerase must be considered a significant component. The isosteric azole carboxamide nucleobases (compounds 1-5; ) differ only in the number and placement of nitrogen atoms within a common shape and therefore present unique electronic distributions that are shown to dictate the selectivity of template-directed nucleotide incorporation by DNA polymerases. The results demonstrate how nucleoside triphosphate substrate selection by DNA polymerase is a complex phenomenon involving electrostatic interactions in addition to hydrogen bonding and shape recognition. These azole nucleobase analogs offer unique molecular tools for probing nonbonded interactions dictating substrate selection and fidelity of DNA polymerases.     

Efficient primer strand extension beyond oxadiazole carboxamide nucleobases

Two oxadiazole carboxamide deoxyribonucleoside analogues are described that can be incorporated and efficiently extended by Taq DNA polymerase. The primer strand extension beyond oxadiazole nucleoside analogues occurs at rates similar to the values observed for the canonical Watson-Crick base pairs irrespective of the template nucleobase. These distinctive chemical effects in DNA polymerase extensions are attributed to the smaller size and unique electronic properties of the oxadiazole nucleobase.     

Gravitational energy-momentum density in teleparallel gravity

In the context of a gauge theory for the translation group, a conserved energy-momentum gauge current for the gravitational field is obtained. It is a true spacetime and gauge tensor, and transforms covariantly under global Lorentz transformations. By rewriting the gauge gravitational field equation in a purely spacetime form, it becomes the teleparallel equivalent of Einstein's equation, and the gauge current reduces to the Moller's canonical energy-momentum density of the gravitational field.     

$$\mathcal {H}^+$$-multivalued contractions and their application to homotopy theory

Kikkawa and Suzuki (Nonlinear Anal 69:2942–2949, 2008) and Kikkawa and Suzuki (Fixed Point Theory Appl, 2008, Art. ID 649749) proved some fixed point results that are generalizations of Kannan’s, Nadler’s and Suzuki’s fixed point theorems. Here, we present fixed point results of this kind for multivalued mappings in the setting of \(\mathcal {H}^+\)-metric spaces. The theorems provided allow upgrading of some known results which is shown by examples. Moreover, we give a homotopy result as an application of our main theorem.     

Fixed point results for mappings satisfying (ψ φ)-weakly contractive condition in ordered partial metric spaces

In [18], Matthews introduced a new class of metric spaces, that is, the concept of partial metric spaces, or equivalently, weightable quasi-metrics, are investigated to generalize metric spaces (X, d), to develop and to introduce a new fixed point theory. In partial metric spaces, the self-distance for any point need not be equal to zero. In this paper, we study some results for single map satisfying (ψ,φ)-weakly contractive condition in partial metric spaces endowed with partial order. An example is given to support the useability of our results.     

Coupled common fixed point theorems for w-compatible mappings in ordered cone metric spaces

We establish coupled coincidence point results for mixed g-monotone mappings under general contractive conditions in partially ordered cone metric spaces over solid cones. We also present results on existence and uniqueness of coupled common fixed points. Our results generalize, extend and unify several well known comparable results in the literature. To illustrate our results and to distinguish them from the earlier ones, we equip the paper with examples.     

Nonlinear compression of optical solitons

In this paper, we consider nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations, both in the anomalous and normal dispersive regimes, which govern the propagation of a single field in a fiber medium with phase modulation and fibre gain (or loss). The integrability conditions are arrived from linear eigen value problem. The variable transformations which connect the integrable form of modified NLS equations are presented. We succeed in Hirota bilinearzing the equations and on solving, exact bright and dark soliton solutions are obtained. From the results, we show that the soliton is alive, i.e. pulse area can be conserved by the inclusion of gain (or loss) and phase modulation effects.     

Fixed Point Theorems in Partially Ordered Metric Spaces and Existence Results for Integral Equations

We derive some new coincidence and common fixed point theorems for self-mappings satisfying a generalized contractive condition in partially ordered metric spaces. As applications of the presented theorems, we obtain fixed point results for generalized contraction of integral type and we prove an existence theorem for solutions of a system of integral equations.     

An application of fixed point theorem to best approximation in locally convex space

A common fixed point theorem of Jungck [G. Jungck, On a fixed point theorem of fisher and sessa, Internat. J. Math. Math. Sci., 13 (3) (1990) 497–500] is generalized to locally convex spaces and the new result is applied to extend a result on best approximation.     

Microwave absorption studies of MgB2 superconductor

Microwave absorption studies have been carried out on MgB₂ superconductor using a standard X-band EPR spectrometer. The modulated low-field microwave absorption signals recorded for polycrystalline (grain size ∼ 10 μm) samples suggested the absence of weak-link character. The field dependent direct microwave absorption has been found to obey a ✓H dependence with two different slopes, which indicated a transition from strongly pinned lattice to flux flow regime.