An optimization approach for planning daily drayage operations

Daily drayage operations involve moving loaded or empty equipment between customer locations and rail ramps. Our goal is to minimize the cost of daily drayage operations in a region on a given day. Drayage orders are generally pickup and delivery requests with time windows. The repositioning of empty equipment may also be required in order to facilitate loaded movements. The drayage orders are satisfied by a heterogeneous fleet of drivers. Driver routes must satisfy various operational constraints. We present an optimization methodology for finding cost-effective schedules for regional daily drayage operations. The core of the formulation is a set partitioning model whose columns represent routes. Routes are added to the formulation by column generation. We present numerical results for real-world data which demonstrate that our methodology produces low cost solutions in a reasonably short time.     

The unexpected rearrangement of 1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2,4‐dione to a benzimidazol‐2‐one derivative during N,N'‐diglucosylation

Reaction of 1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2,4‐dione with 3‐O‐substituted‐5,6‐anhydro‐1,2‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐glucofuranose gave the unexpected N,N'‐di‐glucofuranosyl benzimidazol‐2‐one by a novel rearrangement and ring closure reaction. A mechanism is proposed.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Monoazo N‐Ester‐1,8‐Naphthalimide Disperse Dyestuffs

Five novel monoazo disperse dyestuffs based on N‐ester‐1,8‐naphthalimide were synthesized. Acenaphthene was nitrated, then oxidized to 4‐nitro‐1,8‐naphthalic anhydride. 4‐Nitro‐1,8‐naphthalic anhydride was reacted with methyl and ethyl glycinate in alcoholic media, followed with reduction. 4‐Amino‐N‐methyl and ethyl glycinate‐1,8‐naphthalimide were obtained. These products were diazotized and coupled with appropriate aromatic amines to give bluish‐red or violet dyestuffs. All intermediates and dyestuffs were purified and characterized by ¹H‐NMR, FTIR, DSC, UV‐VIS and Elemental Analysis. Dispersion of dyestuffs was prepared in water and applied to polyester fabrics. The dyed fabrics showed that four of the synthesized dyestuffs were suitable for coloring polyester fibers, producing deep bluish red with very good build up properties.     

A comparative study on p-doping behavior of polythiophenes with CH<Subscript>3</Subscript>SO<Subscript>3</Subscript>H

Four kinds of polythiophenes have been doped with CH3SO3H in CHCl3 under air, oxygen, and nitrogen. In the doping of two types of poly(3-hexylthiophene)s, P3HexTh(Zn/Ni) and P3HexTh(Fe) with different contents of a head-to-tail unit, the p-doping occurs at a similar rate. The reaction between poly(3-dodecylthiophene), P3DodTh, and the acid takes place more rapidly. P3OBuTh with a butoxy substituent undergoes more facile p-doping and receives photochemical reaction with CHCl3, and this reaction obeys a pseudo-first-order rate law with a rate constant kobs of 1.42×10-5 s-1 at room temperature.     

On nonhomogeneous singular elliptic equations with cylindrical weights

In this paper, we establish the existence of multiple solutions for nonhomogeneous singular elliptic equations with cylindrical weights, by using Ekeland??s variational principle and mountain pass theorem without Palais?CSmale condition.     

Synthesis of New Pyrazolo[1.5.4-de]quinoxalines

New pyrazolo[1.5.4-de]quinoxaline derivatives were prepared by the action of 7-aminoindazole 1 on diethyl and dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylates. The structures of the obtained compounds and the direction of cyclization were investigated through a crystallographic study of compound 2. Further alkylation, hydrogenation, and bromination were also explored. The action of potassium thiocyanate on the obtained halo product led to a tetracyclic compound of 1.3-thiazolo[3.4-a]pyrazolo[1.5.4-de]quinoxaline series.     

Synthesis,characterization and energetic properties of novel 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium N-aryl/N-pyridinyl ylids

Synthesis, characterization and energetic properties of novel, nitrogen-rich 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium N-aryl/N-pyridinyl ylids 3a–m are reported.     

Biological Effect,Aquation, and Kinetics of Oxidation of Bis(2‐aminobenzothiazole)dichlorocobalt(II) Complex by Periodate in Aqueous Acidic Medium

The biological effect, aquation, and kinetics of oxidation of bis(2‐aminobenzothiazole)dichlorocobalt(II) complex by periodate in aqueous acidic solutions were studied. The complex exhibited a broad resistance toward the studied pathogens. The average value of the aquation constant was calculated spectrophotometrically as 2.55 × 10^?5 mol² dm^?6. Kinetics of the oxidation reaction showed first‐order dependence on each reactant concentration and increased by increasing pH over the 3.80–4.80 range, 35–50°C, and decreased by increasing the ionic strength over the 0.1–0.5 mol dm^?3 range. The polymerization of acrylonitrile was taken as an evidence for an inner‐sphere mechanism through the formation of free radical intermediates of Co(III) complexes, which were slowly converted to the final Co(III)products.