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On the basis of a simple model it is demonstrated that the Q-factor of present-day conceptual linear reactors is not enhanced by -particle heating of the cold plasma blanket surrounding the fusioning plasma column. 相似文献
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Markvoort AJ Smeijers AF Pieterse K van Santen RA Hilbers PA 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2007,111(20):5719-5725
Shape transformations and topological changes of lipid vesicles, such as fusion, budding, and fission, have important chemical physical and biological significance. In this paper, we study the fission process of lipid vesicles. Two distinct routes are considered that are both based on an asymmetry of the lipid distribution within the membrane. This asymmetry consists of a nonuniform distribution of two types of lipids. In the first mechanism, the two types of lipids are equally distributed over both leaflets of the membrane. Phase separation of the lipids within both leaflets, however, results in the formation of rafts, which form buds that can split off. In the second mechanism, the asymmetry consists of a difference in composition between the two monolayers of the membrane. This difference in composition yields a spontaneous curvature, reshaping the vesicle into a dumbbell such that it can split. Both pathways are studied with molecular dynamics simulations using a coarse-grained lipid model. For each of the pathways, the conditions required to obtain complete fission are investigated, and it is shown that for the second pathway, much smaller differences between the lipids are needed to obtain fission than for the first pathway. Furthermore, the lipid composition of the resulting split vesicles is shown to be completely different for both pathways, and essential differences between the fission pathway and the pathway of the inverse process, i.e., fusion, are shown to exist. 相似文献
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CM Silva MF Duarte ML Mira MH Florêncio K Versluis AJ Heck 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》1999,13(12):1098-1103
Fast atom bombardment, combined with high-energy collision-induced tandem mass spectrometry, has been used to investigate gas-phase metal-ion interactions with captopril, enalaprilat and lisinopril, all angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.Suggestions for the location of metal-binding sites are presented. For captopril, metal binding occurs most likely at both the sulphur and the nitrogen atom. For enalaprilat and lisinopril, binding preferably occurs at the amine nitrogen. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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R. Pino A.J. Markvoort P.A.J. Hilbers 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2001,23(1):103-106
An exactly solvable local Thomas-Fermi-Dirac approximation is applied to the calculation of the ground-state density of three-dimensional
quantum dot arrays, where we give estimates to properties like total energy, chemical potential, and differential capacitance.
Numeric examples are calculated for pairs of quantum dots using a Gaussian confining potential. The computational complexity
of the present method is linear in the number of electrons and centers of the system. 相似文献
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