Organophosphorus chemistry,XII. Reaction of furil with alkyl phosphites and ylide-phosphoranes

Summary The reaction of furil (1) with trialkyl phosphites2 yielded caged phosphorane derivatives of types3a-c. Dry hydrogen chloride gas converted3a-c into the respectivea-hydroxyvinyl-phosphates8a-c which are equally produced by reacting furil with the appropriate dialkyl phosphite7. The reaction of furil with ylide-phosphoranes10 proceeded according to the Wittig reaction mechanism to give the respective ethylenes11a-c. The new compounds have been characterized by their spectroscopic data (IR, PMR,³¹P-NMR, MS) and elementary analyses.Dedicated to Prof. M. Sidky on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Organophosphorus compounds—XIX : The reaction of trialkyl phosphites with extended p-quinones

Trimethyl and triethyl phosphites react with diphenoquinone 3, yielding 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl 10; 4′-alkoxy-4-biphenylyl dialkyl phosphates 5, 4,4′-biphenylylene tetraalkyl bis(phosphates), 6, and 4′-hydroxy-4-biphenylyl dialkyl phosphates 9 are also isolated in minor yields. The effect of temperature on the reaction is studied. A mechanism for the reaction is presented which accounts for the experimental results. The reaction of trimethyl and triethyl phosphites with quinoneimines 12 gives the corresponding phosphoramidates 13, in quantitative yields.     

N‐bromo‐hydantoin grafted polystyrene beads: Synthesis and nano‐micro beads characteristics for achieving controlled release of active oxidative bromine and extended microbial inactivation efficiency

N‐bromo‐hydantoin and N‐bromo‐5,5′‐dimethylhydantoin conjugated polystyrene beads were synthesized from chloromethyl polystyrene beads which differ in their particles size, crosslinking, nano‐micro porosity, and tunnels size on the surface, in order to study the effect of these parameters on oxidative halogen release and resultant activity, for water purification applications. The synthesized beads were characterized using elemental analysis, FT‐IR, solid state ¹³C‐NMR, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The conjugation yield and kinetics in different solvents and bromine loading capacity were studied. The N‐bromoamine polystyrene beads were tested for water decontamination according to NSF 231 protocol. The release of active bromine was analyzed by spectrophotometer using a DPD‐1 kit and also studied the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and MS2 phages. Bead's nano‐micro characteristics were found critical for oxidative halogen release control: rate stabilization and modulation, extension and also influences antimicrobial activity. The synthesized beads exhibited extended and stable release of bromine, 6 and 4 log reduction for E. coli and MS2, respectively for 250 L of passing contaminated water. Thus, N‐halamine hydantoins conjugated polystyrenes, chemically or kinetically release modified should have applications as disinfectants in water purification systems as well as medical field. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 596–610     

Computer-Assisted HPLC Method Development for Determination of Tolmetin and Possible Kinetic Modulators of Its Oxidative Metabolism in Vivo

Following administration of the acidic drug tolmetin (TOL) anaphylactic reactions occurred, which have been hypothesized to be related to the formation of reactive acyl glucuronides. Recently, glutathione adducts have been detected upon incubation of TOL with human liver microsomal preparations, which proved that oxidative activation might also be a pathway of formation of reactive—possibly toxic—glutathione metabolites of TOL. The aim of this work was to develop a new and robust HPLC method to investigate the in vivo effect of 2 coadministered drugs/nutritional supplements on the kinetics of TOL in rats (cimetidine; CIM) known to be a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative metabolism and Quercetin; and QUE which induces UGT1A6, an enzyme involved in glucuronidation of acidic drugs. DryLab^®, a computer simulation software package, was used to assist in the development and optimization of the HPLC method used for separation of TOL and the two potential kinetic modulators together with three potential internal standards (zomepirac, carvedilol and fexofenadine). The method was validated in biological samples obtained from rats. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis of data obtained from plasma and rat liver tissue showed significantly higher concentrations of TOL in the presence of CIM; and significantly longer elimination half-life lives in presence of QUE, which implies that drugs or food components interacting with CYP3A4 cause alteration in the metabolic oxidative biotransformation of TOL in vivo leading to accumulation of TOL in the body through a decrease of its clearance. These findings might account for to the side-effects associated with TOL when co-administered with such kinetic modulators.

     

PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF PESTICIDES, 71. REGIOSELECTIVE PHOTODIMERIZATION OF o,o-DIETHYL-o-(3-CHLORO-4-METHYLCOUMARIN-7-YL)-THIOPHOSPHATE (COUMAPHOS)

Abstract

UV-irradiation (λ > 313 nm) of o,o-diethyl-o-(3-chloro-4-methyl-coumarin-7-yl)-thiophosphate (Coumaphos; 1) in chloroform results in an regioselective dimerization reaction to afford the head-to-tail anti-dimer 2. The structure of 2 is established by single crystal x-ray diffraction. Singlet oxygen does not affect the formation of 2.     

ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS,XXXIII THE REACTION OF PHOSPHITE ESTERS WITH QUINISATIN

Abstract

Trialkyl phosphites react with quinisatin (1) and its monohydrate 3 to give the corresponding phosphate derivatives 2a-c. The same compounds are obtained upon reacting 1 and/or 3 with the proper dialkyl phosphite. Structural reasonings based on IR, MS and NMR spectral data, are presented.     

Facile entries for regioselective synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo-[4,3-a]pyrimidin-5(1H)-ones from 2-thiouracil

Three new alternative synthetic strategies based on reactions of hydrazonoyl halides 3 with 2-methylthiouracil 2 and treatment of either 2-pyrimidinyl thiohydrazonates 8 or the diazonium coupling products of active (pyrimidin-2-ylthio)methylene compounds 12 with sodium ethoxide in ethanol are described for the title compounds. The mechanisms and regiochemistry of the studied reactions are discussed.     

Organophosphorus compounds—XVI: The reaction of phosphite esters with vicinal triketone monohydrates

Trialkyl phosphites react with the monohydrates of 1,2,3-indantrione (ninhydrin) (VII) and 1,3-diphenylpropanetrione (VIII) to give the corresponding phosphate derivatives XIa–c and XVIIIa–c. The same compounds are obtained upon reacting VII and/or VIII with the proper dialkyl hydrogen phosphite. The trialkyl phosphites cause the quantitative reduction of perinaphthindantrione (IX) and/or its monohydrate (X) producing dihydroxy-peri-naphthindenone (XXI). On the other hand, dialkyl hydrogen phosphites add to IX (or X), yielding compounds XXIIa–c.     

Numerical simulation of particulate-flow in spiral separators: Part I. Low solids concentration (0.3% & 3% solids)

The aim of the present study is the simulation of the particulate flow in spiral separators. The study is based on Eulerian approach and turbulence modeling. The results focus on particulate-flow characteristics such as the velocity, the distribution, and concentration of particulates on the spiral trough. The predicted results are compared with the experimental findings from LD9 coal spiral. The comparison shows good agreement and indicates that the most accurate turbulence model is RNG K–ε.