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1.
The adsorption of mercury(II) on potassium titanate has been studied in chloride media at different pH values, adsorbate concentrations and temperatures. Effect of different ligands and acid concentrations on the uptake was also investigated. Desoprtion studies were also done to check the reversibility of the process. Interestingly a more or less constant and high value of adsorption has been found at different temperatures, pH values and concentrations and a decrease in the uptake with an increase in the bulk acid concentration was observed.  相似文献   
2.
A linear free energy relationship was found betweenv max, the energy of the absorption maximum of chloride, bromide, or iodide ion in various solvents, and the solvatochromic parameter which is a measure of the hydrogen bond donor ability of the solvent. The relationships are: for chloride,v max=6.99+50.16 kK; for bromide,v max=5.52+45.20 kK; for iodide,v max=5.02+40.33 kK. The correlation ofv max for iodide ion with gave a larger correlation coefficient and smaller standard deviation than a correlation with the E T (30) parameter of Dimroth. From the values ofv max for iodide ion and the solvated electron in liquid ammonia at 25°C, these correlations indicate a preliminary value of 0.00 for the parameter of liquid ammonia. This had not been reported before and is lower than expected from a general knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of liquid ammonia but is consistent with a more detailed consideration and recent gas phase measurements of hydrogen bond donor strength.  相似文献   
3.
Biomaterials in total joint replacement   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
The current state of materials systems used in total hip replacement is presented in this paper. An overview of the various material systems used in total hip replacement reported in literature is presented in this paper. Metals, polymers, ceramics and composites are used in the design of the different components of hip replacement implants. The merits and demerits of these material systems are evaluated in the context of mechanical properties most suitable for total joint replacement such as a hip implant. Current research on advanced polymeric nanocomposites and biomimetic composites as novel materials systems for bone replacement is also discussed. This paper examines the current research in the materials science and the critical issues and challenges in these materials systems that require further research before application in biomedical industry.  相似文献   
4.
The mass spectra of eight 1,2,4-triazole derivaties have been recorded and found tao reveal extensive hydrogen and skeletal migrations. The structures of the fragments have been confirmed by deuterium labelling and exact mass measurement. The compounds revealed striking differences in their spectra depending on the nature of the substituents.  相似文献   
5.
Aromatic ketones react with 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol ( 1 ) in refluxing benzene under the catalytic influence of a sulfonic acid and with azeotropic removal of water to yield a mixture comprised predominantly of cis- and trans-2-alkyl-2-aryl-1,3-oxathiolane-5-methanols 7, accompanied by lesser amounts of cis- and trans-2-alkyl-2-aryl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanethiols 8 (up to 30%). It was discovered that 8 is the kinetic product and is isomerized by 4-toluenesulfonic acid in hot benzene to the thermodynamically more stable 7 . Under these conditions, ortho- and α-substituted aromatic ketones tend to produce more of 8 , which can be attributed to steric hindrance encountered by the thiol as it attacks the ketone. Ketalizations of 1-aryl-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1- as well as 1-aryl-2-(1,H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-ethanones by 1 fail under these conditions, even after 24 hours of reflux in toluene. However, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-propanone and 1-(4-bromophenyl)-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-butanone are ketalized by 1 as expected. Interestingly, the reaction of 2-bromo-4′-chloroace-tophenone with 1 produces 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,8-dioxa-6-thiabicyclo[3.2.1]octane. Characterization of all isomers and separation of some diastereomers is described. Nuclear Overhauser enhancement experiments are utilized to establish the stereochemistry of 1,3-oxathiolanes.  相似文献   
6.
A number of (E)-7-arylidenenaltrexones were synthesized by azeotropic distillation of water from a benzene solution of naltrexone and an aromatic aldehyde (benzaldehyde, 4-chloro- and 4-fluorobenzaldehyde, 3-and 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde and 1-methyl-2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde) using piperidine as a catalyst. In addition, (E)-7-benzylidenenaloxone was prepared by the previously published Claisen-Schmidt condensation using sodium hydroxide in methanol. The stereochemistry of these arylidene derivatives 3–9 was determined to be (E) by means of nuclear Overhauser enhancement experiments. The 13C nmr spectra of (E)- 3–9 are recorded in deuteriochloroform and those of the hydrochlorides in deuteriodimethyl sulfoxide.  相似文献   
7.
Aryl 2-[(2-imidazolyl)ethyl or 3-(2-imidazolyl)propyl]ketones were ketalized by glycerol or 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol in boiling benzene in the presence of 4-toluenesulfonic acid to provide the title compounds. The aryl substituents are 4-chloro-, 4-bromo-, 4-fluoro-, or 2,4-dichlorophenyl. While aryl (2-imidazolyl)methyl ketones condensed with glycerol to form cis- and trans-{2-aryl-2-[(2-imidazolyl)methyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)}-1,3-dioxolanes, related condensations with 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol, under similar, or even more stringent reaction conditions, produced no 1,3-oxathiolane analogs, with the starting ketones being recovered. Separation and structure determination of these racemic cis and trans isomeric products are described. The structure of these stereoisomers was established by means of 1H and 13C nmr correlation and nOe experiments. Selective methylation of the N-unsubstituted 2-imidazolyl alcohols with one equivalent sodium hydride and methyl iodide provided the corresponding N-methyl alcohols in excellent yields. With excess benzoyl chloride, N-unsubstituted 2-imidazolyl alcohols were initially converted to O, N-dibenzoates from which the N-benzoyl group was easily cleaved by ammonium hydroxide in ethanol to provide benzoate esters.  相似文献   
8.
A novel one-pot synthesis of four new classes of amidothiophosphoric esters and trisamidothiophosphoric esters is developed. (1-Alkyl-2-pyrimidinylidenamido)bis(diethylamido)thiophosphates, (1-alkyl-2-pyrimidinylidenamido)bis (O-2/4-methylphenyl)thiophosphates, (3-alkyl-2-thiazolinylidenamido)bis (diethylamido)thiophosphate and (3-alkyl-2-thiazolinylidenamido)bis(O-2/4-methylphenyl)thiophosphates are obtained from the nucleophilic substitution and oxidation of N-alkyl-2-cycloiminylidenaminodichlorophosphines generated in situ from the reaction of the corresponding N-alkyl-2-aminocycloiminium halide with phosphorus trichloride and triethylamine. The synthesized thiophosphoric esters have been investigated for fungicidal properties.  相似文献   
9.
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used for elemental identification and quantification in a number of fields, and the optimization of XPS performance can help in making better use of the limited XPS tool availability. In the field of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, one of the requirements is having a clean vacuum environment to minimize contamination of the EUV optics. EUV resist outgassing is viewed as one of the main issues that could affect the vacuum environment. There is a program underway to measure the relative contamination rates from different resists following the ASML (provider of lithography systems) approved protocols for witness plate testing. One of the key steps is the XPS measurement of residue on the optics after cleaning. The role of XPS in quantification of species that adhere to the ruthenium‐coated silicon witness plate sample is discussed. The various XPS tool parameters like the pass energy and source setting were optimized for our application of witness plate analysis. The statistics of our XPS tool were studied, and combined with the fundamental XPS equations, a simple mathematical model was developed to optimize the number of scans for the various elements of interest in our witness plate study. Using the optimized number of scans, the acquisition time to measure the contaminant elements to a precision better than 0.1 at.% was minimized. The model devised in the paper can be adapted to other XPS measurements requiring different levels of precision. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
10.
Abstract

A series of biologically active organophosphorus compounds have been synthesized by the reactions of O,O-diethylchlorophosphate with Schiff bases derived from 5-(phenyl/substituted phenyl)-2-hydrazino-1,3,4-oxadiazole and salicylaldehyde/2-hydroxyacetophenone. The compounds have been characterized on the basis of analyses and spectral (IR, 1H, 13C NMR) data. Fungicidal activities of these derivatives against Colletotrichum falcatum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Curvularia pallescence have been evaluated. All compounds showed moderate to significant antifungal activity.  相似文献   
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