Mono- and dialkylations of pyrrole at C2 and C5 positions by nucleophilic substitution reaction in ionic liquid

[reaction: see text] A novel ionic liquid methodology for pyrrole C-alkylation is described. The pyrrole alkylation is achieved with various simple alkyl halides and mesylates selectively at C2 and C5 positions in good yields with minimal byproducts under relatively mild conditions in various ionic liquids. 2-(3-Phenylpropyl)pyrrole (2a) was synthesized from pyrrole and 1-bromo-3-phenylpropane in a mixture solvent system, [bmim][SbF6] and CH3CN, in 81% yield at 115 degrees C for 44 h with 5% yield of dialkylated compound 3a.     

Bridge between bound state and reaction effective nucleon-nucleon potentials

It has been a long standing problem to find the connection between the realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction and the interaction between two nucleons when they are embedded inside a nuclear medium, the so-called ‘effective interaction’. On the one hand various many-body approaches have been employed, while on the other hand, information is sought on the basis of static nuclear properties. Both provide partial information. An attempt is made to understand if there is an inherent link, a bridge, which connects all these informations, through the study of heavy ion fusion reactions.     

A Biogenetic-Type Synthesis of Cannabifuran and Dehydrocannabifuran

The title compounds were synthesized from cannabidiol in yields of 21% and 29% respectively.     

Potassium carbonate as a base for the N-alkylation of indole and pyrrole in ionic liquids

The methodology for the N-alkylation of indole and pyrrole using potassium carbonate in 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [bmim][BF₄] as the sustainable reaction media with acetonitrile as the cosolvent is described herein. Our approach provides good yields with alkyl halides as well as sulfonates as the electrophiles. Cesium carbonate was also found to be a consistent base in the N-alkylation. The proposed methodology is simple and mild with easy workup.     

A Procedure for the Conversion of Cannabidiol into 12β-Substituted Tetrahydrocannabinols (THC's): Synthesis of 12β-Hydroxy-ΔβTHC1

The titled compound was synthesized from cannabidiol in an overall yield of 35%.     

Synthesis of a spirobifluorene-bridged allylsilane precursor for periodic mesoporous organosilica

A novel spirobifluorene-bridged allylsilane precursor, which can be easily purified by silica gel chromatography, was prepared by using a new molecular building block for allylsilane sol-gel precursors (MBAS) and successfully converted into a highly fluorescent periodic mesoporous organosilica film.     

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as an efficient and recyclable reaction medium for the synthesis of dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxazepine

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been used as a sustainable, non-volatile, and environmentally friendly reaction solvent for the synthesis of dibenz[b,f]-1,4-oxazepine (2a). PEG-400 as a promoter provided 89% of 2a within 8 h. We compared the reactivity of PEG-400 with 18-crown-6, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide and ionic liquids as phase transfer catalysts. Further, we investigated our protocol with various PEGs, with molecular weight 200, 300, 1000, 2000, 8000, 10,000, and 20,000. The reaction provided excellent yields with low as well as high molecular weight PEGs. We also studied the effect of various organic cosolvents (polar protic/aprotic/non-polar) on the reactivity of PEG-400 for the synthesis of 2a.     

Synthesis of symmetrical organic carbonates via significantly enhanced alkylation of metal carbonates with alkyl halides/sulfonates in ionic liquid

[reaction: see text] We report a new phosgene-free method for the synthesis of symmetrical organic carbonates via alkylation of metal carbonate with various alkyl halides and sulfonates in 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [bmim][PF6], as an ecofriendly reaction media. Alkylation of metal carbonate in various ionic liquids with 1-bromo-3-phenylpropane (1a) as a model reactant has thoroughly been investigated. Potassium and cesium carbonates appeared to be the most suitable metal carbonate due to their high solubility in ionic liquids. Besides good to excellent yields, this simple and convenient methodology is devoid of highly toxic and harmful chemicals such as phosgene and carbon monoxide, which is an additional advantage.