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1.
A nanoscale
multivalent platinum drug based on a poly(amidoamine) [PAMAM] dendrimer (generation
4.5, carboxylate surface) has been synthesized and fully characterized using
a variety of spectroscopic, chromatographic and thermal methods. Treatment
of the dendrimer with an aqueous solution containing an excess diaquo(cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) produces
a conjugate containing approximately forty (diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II)
moieties at the surface of the dendrimer. This material undergoes smooth two-stage
thermal decomposition to provide residual platinum oxide reflecting the platinum
loading in the drug. 相似文献
2.
General purpose poly(styrene) is a large
volume commodity polymer widely used in a range of applications. For many
of these the presence of an additive to impart some flammability resistance
is required. Most commonly, brominated aromatics are used for this purpose.
As the polymer undergoes combustion these compounds decompose to generate
bromine atoms and/or hydrogen bromide which escape to the gas phase and trap
flame propagating radicals. While these species are effective in inhibiting
flame propagation they present the opportunity for loss of halogen to the
atmosphere. For this reason, the use of these compounds is being limited in
some parts of the world. Phosphorus compounds, on the other had, impart a
flame retarding influence by promoting char formation at the surface of the
burning polymer. This prevents heat feedback to the polymer and consequent
pyrolysis to generate fuel fragments. The combination of both bromine and
phosphorus present in a single compound might generate a superior flame-retarding
additive in that both modes of retardancy might be promoted simultaneously.
Should this be the case smaller amounts of additive might be necessary to
achieve a satisfactory level of flame retardancy. A series of such additives,
brominated aryl phosphates, has been synthesized and fully characterized spectroscopically.
Blends of these additives, at various levels, with poly(styrene) have been
examined by DSC, TG and in the UL-94 flame test. The flammability of the polymer
is dramatically diminished by the presence of the additive. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
The filtration performance of yeast cell harvesting was greatly improved by using an oscillatory flow mixing technique in both tubular and flat sheet membrane systems; flux increases of several fold were achieved. The effects of various operating parameters such as frequency, amplitude and ratio of net forward flow rate to oscillatory flow rate were investigated. A simple alternative to the dual head pump, which involved the use of solenoid valves for producing flow reversal, was developed. The flux was significantly increased using this new operating mode. As the only increase of power consumption was from inertia loss due to change of flow direction the additional power consumption is minimal. 相似文献
6.
Antonio Doménech María Teresa Doménech‐Carbó Howell G. M. Edwards 《Electroanalysis》2007,19(18):1890-1900
Multivariate chemometric methods are applied for identifying earth pigments from square‐wave voltammetric measurements performed at pigment‐modified paraffin‐impregnated graphite electrodes allowing for a separation between hematite‐based earths, French ochres, Spanish ochres, siennas, umbers and green earths. This methodology is applied to the identification of the pigments in samples from the ceiling frescoes of Antonio Palomino (dated 1707) in the vaulted nave of the Sant Joan del Mercat church in Valencia (Spain). These frescoes suffered considerable damage by fire during the Spanish Civil War in 1936, resulting in severe chemical and chromatic alterations. Electrochemical data, supported by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis and Raman spectroscopy, indicate that thermal stress induced the transformation of goethite‐based yellow ochres into hematite and magnetite. 相似文献
7.
Thermal
degradation of vinylidene chloride/[4-(t-butoxycarbonyloxy)phenyl]methyl
acrylate copolymers
B. A. Howell D. A. Spears P. B. Smith 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2006,85(1):115-117
Vinylidene chloride polymers containing comonomer
units capable of consuming evolved hydrogen chloride to expose good radical-scavenging
sites might be expected to display greater thermal stability than similar
polymers containing simple alkyl acrylates as comonomer. Incorporation of
a comonomer containing the phenyl t-butyl
carbonate moiety into a vinylidene chloride polymer has the potential to afford
a polymer with pendant groups which might interact with hydrogen chloride
to expose phenolic groups. Copolymers of vinylidene chloride with [4-(t-butoxycarbonyloxy)phenyl]methyl acrylate have been
prepared, characterized, and subjected to thermal degradation. The degradation
has been characterized by thermal and spectroscopic techniques. The degradation
of vinylidene chloride/[4-(t-butoxycarbonyloxy)phenyl]methyl
acrylate copolymers is much more facile than the same process for similar
copolymers containing either [4-(isobutoxycarbonyloxy)phenyl]methyl acrylate
or methyl acrylate, a simple alkyl acrylate, as comonomer. During copolymer
degradation, [4-(t-butoxycarbonyloxy) phenylmethyl
acrylate units are apparently converted to acrylic acid units by extensive
fragmentation of the sidechain. Thus, the phenyl t-butyl
carbonate moiety does function as a labile acid-sensitive pendant group but
its decomposition in this instance leads to the generation of a phenoxybenzyl
carboxylate capable of further fragmentation. 相似文献
8.
As a consequence
of their excellent barrier properties vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride copolymers
have long been prominent in the flexible packaging market. While these polymers
possess a number of superior characteristics, they tend to undergo thermally-
induced degradative dehydrochlorination at process temperatures. This degradation
must be controlled to permit processing of the polymers. Three series of N-substituted
maleimides (N-alkyl-, N-aralkyl, and N-aryl) have been synthesized, characterized
spectroscopically, and evaluated as potential stabilizers for a standard vinyl
chloride/vinylidene chloride (85 mass%) copolymer. As surface blends with
the polymer, these compounds are ineffective as stabilizers. However, significant
stabilization may be achieved by pretreatment of the polymer with N-substituted
maleimides. The most effective stabilization of the polymer is afforded by
N-aralkyl- or N-arylmaleimides, most notably, N-benzylmaleimide and N-p-methoxyphenylmaleimide. 相似文献
9.
10.