Particle ratios from a chiral SU(3) model

The measured particle ratios in central heavy-ion collisions are investigated within a chemical and thermal equilibrium chiral SU(3) σ?ω approach. Contrary to the commonly adopted non-interacting gas calculations, the chiral SU(3) model predicts modified effective hadron masses and effective chemical potentials in the medium and a transition to a chirally restored phase at high temperatures or chemical potentials. the influence of three different types of phase transitions is investigated. We show that the deduced freeze-out values considerably depend on the underlying model while the quality of the fit is approximately the same.     

Stability of Crystalline Ion Beams

Hyperfine Interactions - In this paper, the conditions for which three-dimensional crystalline ion beams were attained in the rf quadrupole storage ring PALLAS at a velocity of around 2800 m/s are...     

Imaging mitochondrial organization in living primate oocytes and embryos using multiphoton microscopy.

We employed multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM) to image changes in mitochondrial distribution in living rhesus monkey embryos. This method of imaging does not impair development; thus, the same specimen can be visualized multiple times at various developmental stages. Not only does this increase the amount of information that can be gathered on a single specimen but it permits the correlation of early events with subsequent development in the same specimen. Here we demonstrate the utility of MPLSM for determining changes in mitochondrial organization at various developmental stages and show that rhesus zygotes possess a distinct accumulation of mitochondria between the pronuclei prior to syngamy. We present evidence that suggests that this pronuclear accumulation may be positively correlated with development to the blastocyst stage-in the same embryo-thereby illustrating how MPLSM can be used to correlate cellular dynamics of primate oocytes and early embryos with their developmental potential. Understanding the relationship between mitochondrial distribution and the subsequent development of mammalian embryos, particularly primates, will increase our ability to improve embryo culture technologies, including those used for human assisted reproduction.     

Über die Identifizierung von Alkoholen mit 1-Chlormethyl-isatin

Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly - Primary, secondary and tertiary aliphatic alcohols quickly react with 1-chloromethyl-isatin (1) to give good yields of alkoxymethylisatines4-novel...     

Comparison of different extraction techniques for the determination of polychlorinated organic compounds in sediment

The performance of various enhanced extraction techniques, such as accelerated solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction and fluidized-bed extraction for the determination of polychlorinated organic compounds in dry sediment was investigated in two laboratories. The results of the two laboratories were in good agreement. The extraction yields from the batch extraction methods were lower than those from the dynamic techniques. Accelerated solvent extraction, especially, exhibited higher extraction efficiency than the standard procedure, Soxhlet extraction, whereas the results of fluidized-bed extraction were comparable.     

Über die Reaktionen von Guanidin bzw. Thioharnstoff mit α,β,γ,δ-ungesättigten Ketonen

Guanidine and phenylguanidine react with phenylhexadienone1b and 1,5-diaryl-2,4-pentadien-1-ones1c–k respectively (via unstable dihydropyrimidines of type2 as intermediates) to 4-methyl- and 4-aryl-6-styryl-2-pyrimidinamines3b–j and N²-phenyl-2-pyrimidinamines7c, k. Efforts to stabilize the intermediates2 by introduction of electron-withdrawing substituents (compare^2,3) were not successful. Similarly, thiourea reacts with diphenylpentadienone1c to afford (via8c) 4-phenyl-6-phenethylpyrimidinethione9c. Action of guanidine on 1,3,5-triphenylpentadienone101 and on the 5-(3-chlorophenyl) analogue10m under decomposition of the ketones yields 4,6-diphenyl-and 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-6-phenyl-2-pyrimidineamine (121 andm), respectively. The formation of12m proves that acetophenone splits off from101,m during the reactions. However, heating of thiourea with10m in sodium butylate/butanol gives the expected 4,6-diphenyl-4-styryldihydropyrimidinethione13m. The reaction of thiourea with triphenylpentadienone101 is taking an atypical course: Addition of thiourea to the δ- and β-carbon atom of101 affords 2-(4,6-diphenyl-2-thioxohexahydro-4-pyrimidinyl)acetophenone (141); the conformation of the latter was deduced from¹H-NMR data.     

Hyperfine structure and core polarization in Nd I 4f 4f 4 5d6s

The high resolution laser-atomic-beam technique was used to investigate the hyperfine structure in Nd I 4f ⁴ 5d6s ⁷ L, ⁷ K, ⁷ I, ⁷ H, ⁷ G, ⁵ L, ⁵ K, and ⁵ I for both of the stable odd isotopes. The metastable states were populated by an arc discharge burning in the atomic beam, and 31 transitions to higher odd levels have been studied. Knowledge of the hyperfine constants of 34 levels of 4f ⁴ 5d6s allowed a comprehensive parametric analysis to be performed, using the effective tensor operator formalism. Compared to earlier analyses, a significant reduction of errors has been achieved for all the parameters. The contact parameter a _4f ¹⁰ has been fitted freely, thus providing an experimental value for the core-polarization effects. They are about six times larger than the relativistic effects.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Ya-Er Lake (Hubei, China): sources and distribution

Sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the Ya-Er Lake area (Hubei, China) sediment cores of 3 ponds in the shallow Ya-Er Lake were investigated for 16 PAH. Analytical procedure included extraction by ultrasonication, clean-up by gel-permeation and quantification by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The total PAH amount in sediment samples of the Ya-Er Lake ranged from 68 to 2242 μg/kg. Concentrations decreased from pond 1 to pond 3 and from upper to lower sediment layers. In addition a soil sample from Ya-Er Lake area showed a total PAH amount of 58 μg/kg. The PAH pattern in lower sediment layers were similar to that of the soil sample which indicates an atmospheric deposition into the sediments prior to 1970 only. The PAH profile of upper sediment samples, which differs completely from that of lower layers, may be explained by a gradually increasing input of mixed combustion and raw fuel sources since 1970. Therefore the origin of increased PAH contamination in Ya-Er Lake during the last 3 decades has been probably an industrial waste effluent in pond 1.