Rate sensitivity and deformation mechanism of semi-crystalline polymers during instrumented indentation

Instrumented indentation tests using both constant loading rate (CLR) and continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) operation modes were performed to investigate the deformation mechanism and their sensitivity to the deformation rate in semi-crystalline polymers through the quantitative analysis of load-depth loading and unloading curves. The strain rate was constant during the CSM tests, while the strain rate decreased with the increasing of loading time in CLR tests. The mechanical response mechanism of the semi-crystalline polymers to these tests was very complicated because of the combined effects of strain-hardening in the crystal phase and strain-softening in the amorphous phase. Results show that the loading index m reflects the strain-hardening or strain-softening response during indentation. When m > 2, the mechanical response was due to the strain-hardening, and when m < 2, the response was due to strain-softening. A method based on the measured contact hardness was proposed to obtain the unloading stiffness, and the other mechanical parameters could then be determined according to the unloading stiffness.     

Effect of ignition energy on the uncertainty in the determination of laminar flame speed using outwardly propagating spherical flames

The initial propagation processes of expanding spherical flames of CH₄/N₂/O₂/He mixtures at different ignition energies were investigated experimentally and numerically to reduce the effect of ignition energy on the accurate determination of laminar flame speeds. The experiments were conducted in a constant-volume combustion bomb at initial pressures of 0.07???0.7?MPa, initial temperatures of 298???398?K, and equivalence ratios of 0.9???1.3 with various Lewis numbers. The A-SURF program was employed to simulate the corresponding flame propagation processes. The results show that elevating the ignition energy increases the initial flame propagation speed and expands the range of flame trajectory which is affected by ignition energy, but the increase rates of the speed and range decrease with the ignition energy. Based on the trend of the minimum flame propagation speed during the initial period with the ignition energy, the minimum reliable ignition energy (MRIE) is derived by considering the initial flame propagation speed and energy conservation. It is observed that MRIE first decreases and then increases with the increasing equivalence ratio and monotonously decreases with increasing initial pressure and temperature. As the Lewis number rises, MRIE increases. The results also suggest that during the data processing of the spherical flame experiment, the accuracy of determination of laminar flame speeds can be enhanced when taking the flame radius influenced by MRIE as the lower limit of the flame radius range. Then the flame radius influenced by MRIE was defined as RFR. It can also be found that there exist nonlinear relationships between RFR and the equivalence ratio and Lewis number, and the RFR decreases with increasing initial pressure and temperature.     

Research on viscoelastic behavior of semi-crystalline polymers using instrumented indentation

In this study, the viscoelastic behavior of a polyamide 12 (PA12) polymer was evaluated using instrumented indentation technology based on a rheological model. The creep compliance and retardation spectra were obtained to analyze the viscoelastic response during the holding stage according to the rheological model under different preloading conditions. The results showed that the viscoelastic responses were independent of the indentation depth or load under step loading conditions. However, the creep compliance increases, and the peak intensity of the retardation spectrum decreases with a decrease in the preloading rate owing to the structural relaxation observed during the preloading stage under ramp loading conditions. Furthermore, softening dispersion can be completed during the loading stage under continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) conditions. As the preloading strain rate changes, the peak of the retardation spectrum gradually decreases until it disappears completely. Moreover, studies on indentation creep using the CSM method are challenging because of the complicated viscoelastic response observed during the preloading stage.     

无铅焊料合金压入蠕变性能参数表征研究

微互连焊点高温下的服役可靠性很大程度上决定了电子产品性能的优劣,本文通过微纳米压入法开展了典型无铅焊料合金Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 的高温蠕变性能研究,采用“快速加载–保载–快速卸载”的测试方式获取不同温度下完备的蠕变行为,分析发现温度升高焊料软化加剧、蠕变变形更为明显;得到了焊料合金不同温度下的稳态蠕变应力指数n 与不同硬度下的蠕变激活能Q,分析了温度与硬度对二者的影响并给出激活能Q 与lnH之间的关系．     

稀土对ZL105合金铸件二次枝晶间距和抗拉强度的影响

针对ＺＬ１０５合金圆柱体铸件，考查了镧、铈和镧铈混合稀土与二次枝晶间距的关系。结果表明，镧铈混合稀土具有比镧或铈更强的细化铸件中二次枝晶间距的能力，铸件中获得细小二次枝晶间距和最大抗拉强度的理想镧铈混合稀土加入量为０１５％。     

放电等离子烧结制备ZrB2-SiC超高温陶瓷的力学性能及氧化行为

在服役环境中,超高声速飞行器表面与空气剧烈摩擦导致温度极高。超高温陶瓷相较于一般陶瓷而言具有高熔点和良好的抗氧化烧蚀性能,是目前极具前景的热防护材料之一。采用放电等离子两步烧结工艺将ZrB2纳米粉末和SiC粉末在1700℃下制备超高温陶瓷材料ZrB2-20%SiC,通过纳米压痕微观实验、三点弯实验研究其力学性能及其在高温环境下的氧化行为,着重分析1000、1200、1400和1600℃4种不同氧化温度下ZrB2-20%SiC超高温陶瓷的氧化表面、氧化截面和氧化层厚度。结果表明:ZrB2-20%SiC超高温陶瓷的硬度为18 GPa,弹性模量为541 GPa,断裂韧性为5.7 MPa·m1/2;当氧化温度为1600℃时,超高温陶瓷内部的SiC由被动氧化转变为主动氧化,并且随着氧化温度升高,超高温陶瓷氧化层厚度与氧化温度呈正相关。     

内凹负泊松比蜂窝结构的面内双轴冲击响应

利用有限元模拟方法研究了内凹负泊松比蜂窝结构的面内双轴冲击响应。用节点扰动方法建立了具有不同规则度的内凹负泊松比蜂窝结构,并将其在不同冲击速度下的变形模态、应力-应变曲线和能量耗散能力与规则蜂窝进行了对比分析。结果表明,冲击速度是内凹蜂窝结构变形模态最主要的影响因素。此外,在双轴冲击下,由于不规则度的引入,延长了应力-应变曲线的平台阶段,抑制了结构的各向异性程度,从而使结构的变形特征从局部密实转向整体密实。在能量吸收能力方面,结构的不规则性导致了密实化阶段的滞后,因此在相同的压缩程度下,其塑性耗散能低于规则模型。     

基于微纳米压入法提取无铅焊料合金弹塑性力学参数的研究

本文通过微纳米压入法结合数值模拟研究了无铅焊料合金SnAg3.5 的弹塑性力学性能，分别采用圆柱形压头及两种不同锥角压头对无铅焊料合金进行压入测试：基于圆柱形压头测试过程中接触面积恒定的特点得到了无铅焊料的弹性模量，进一步采用塑性应变梯度理论对两种锥角压头的测试结果予以修正并通过数值模拟反分析得到相应的特征应力值，同时基于压入特征塑性应变与压头锥角的关系式得到两种不同锥角压头下的特征应变值，在此基础上经求解方程组得到焊料合金的初始屈服应力与应变强化因子，进而得到了焊料合金的幂强化弹塑性本构关系．该方法剔除了压入尺度效应的影响并保证了所得本构关系的唯一性，给出了一种通过原位压入测试表征金属材料弹塑性力学性能的有效方法．     

Structure and properties of flax vs. lyocell fiber-reinforced polylactide stereocomplex composites

Cellulose - A commonly used natural cellulose fiber (flax) and a regenerated cellulose fiber (Lyocell) were used at 20 wt% to reinforce polylactide stereocomplex (sc-PLA) composites. Composites...     

KT—5C托卡马克离子温度及其涨落的实验研究

在ＫＴ－５Ｃ托卡马克上成功建立了一套静电离子探针诊断系统，测量了ＫＴ－５Ｃ托卡马克从芯部到边缘的离了温度及其涨落，实验结果表明，在边缘等离子体离子温度高于电子温度，在芯部二者趋于一致。在我们的实验条件下，离子温度和电子温度的相对涨落量基本一致，而且都是电子密度相对涨落量大小的５０％。