An efficient and facile one-step synthesis of highly substituted thiophenes

An efficient one-step method for the synthesis of fully substituted thiophenes, from thiomorpholides and α-halo ketones, was developed. A mechanism has also been proposed for the course of reaction.     

Iodine‐Catalyzed Friedlander Quinoline Synthesis under Solvent‐Free Conditions

Polyfunctional quinolines were synthesized using Friedlander method catalyzed by molecular iodine in high yields at 60 °C under solvent‐free conditions.     

1,6-Eliminationsreaktionen an Spirocoleonon; Charakterisierung der ersten Spiro[(methylcyclopropan)-phenanthren]-1,3-dion-Derivate

Preparation of the First Spiro[(methylcyclopropan)-phenanthrene]-1,3-dione Derivatives by 1,6-Elimination Reactions of Spirocoleons Spirocoleons, e.g. coleon J ( 1 ), on treatment with 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) in aprotic solvents, undergo enolization followed by a rapid 1,6-elimination with formation of the hitherto unknown 2-methyl-spiro[cyclopropane-1,2′(1′H)-phenanthrene]-1′,3′(4′bH)-dione system, e.g. 3 . In protic solvents, base-catalyzed solvolysis of the spirocyclopropane predominates.     

Facile synthesis of highly substituted 2-pyrone derivatives via a tandem Knoevenagel condensation/lactonization reaction of β-formyl-esters and 1,3-cyclohexadiones

A mild and efficient tandem process for the synthesis of new highly substituted 2-pyrones starting from commercially available 2-arylacetic acids has been developed. The synthesis is based on the Knoevenagel condensation of 1,3-cyclohexadiones with various β-formyl-esters, followed by lactonization in the presence of nano ZnO (20 mol %). Moderate to high yields and readily available cheap starting materials are the key features of the present method.     

Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction in water in the presence of robust palladium immobilized on modified magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a recoverable catalyst

Aryl halides and especially inactive aryl chlorides were coupled to benzenoid aromatic rings in a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction in the absence of organic solvents and toxic phosphine ligands. The reaction was catalysed by a recoverable magnetic nanocatalyst, Pd@Fe₃O₄, in aqueous media. This method is green, and the catalyst is easily removed from the reaction media using an external magnetic field and can be re‐used at least 10 times without any considerable loss in its activity. The catalyst was characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, CHN analysis, X‐ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry.     

Efficient Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Systems via Tandem 1,3-Dinucleophilic Addition of 4-Hydroxy-2-quinolinones to Quinolinium Salts

The synthesis of bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane systems is reported. The synthesis is based on the tandem 1,3-dinucleophilic addition of 4-hydroxy-2-quinolinone to quinolinium salts.     

Observation of heterodyne mixing in surface x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy experiments

We report measurements of propagating capillary waves on a liquid water surface at T=5 degrees C with x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The experiment has been performed under grazing incidence conditions with an incoming x-ray beam below the critical angle of total external reflection. In the q region investigated the measured intensity-intensity autocorrelation functions of the liquid water surface were found to be heterodyne signals, i.e., a combination of first- and second-order correlation functions g(1)(tau) and g(2)(tau).     

Synthesis of a cyclic peptide containing norlanthionine: effect of the thioether bridge on peptide conformation

Two diastereomeric analogues of ring C of nisin incorporating a novel norlanthionine residue have been synthesized via a triply orthogonal protecting group strategy. A full structural study was carried out by NMR, which elucidated the conformational properties of the two peptides and enabled the identity of each diastereoisomer to be proposed.     

Microstructure of nickel nanoparticles embedded in carbon films: case study on annealing effect by micromorphology analysis

The presented study is aimed at analyzing the surface texture of amorphous hydrogenated carbon layers containing nickel nanoparticles (Ni‐NPs@a‐C:H) within their structure, which were deposited by Radio Frequency (RF) sputtering and RF‐Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (RF‐PECVD) methods on glass substrates. Prepared films were then used as research material following their annealing at two different temperatures of 250 °C and 350 °C in an inert argon atmosphere. Series of height samples were taken with the help of atomic force microscopy (AFM) operating in a non‐contact mode and examined in order to determine their fractal characteristics. Raw AFM data were first plane‐fitted to remove the surface bow exhibiting the so‐called residual surface, and then numerically processed to calculate the Areal Autocorrelation Function (AACF), which was later used to compute the Structure Function (SF). The log–log plots of the latter served for calculation of fractal properties of surfaces under investigation, including fractal dimension D, and pseudo‐topothesy K. The analysis of 3‐D surface texture helps to understand their essential characteristics and their implications as well as graphical models and their implementation in computer simulation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.