Solid-State Thin-Film Sensors Based on Chalcogenide Materials Obtained by Planar Technology and Pulsed Laser Deposition

Methods of silicon planar technology and pulsed laser deposition were applied to fabricate fully solid-state chemical sensors for determining ions of copper, lead, cadmium, thallium, and also sulfide and chloride ions on the basis of thin chalcogenide films as ion-sensitive membranes.     

Dimethylamino-substituted 7H-Benzo[de]pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinolin-7-ones and Their Behavior under Vilsmeier-Haack Conditions

The behavior of dimethylamino-substituted 7H-benzo[de]pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoquinoline-7-ones, synthesized for the first time, under conditions of the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. It has been shown that, on heating with POCl₃ and DMF, they are converted by electrophilic substitution at the position ortho to the dimethylamino group, followed by cyclization of the iminium adduct to a quinazolinium salt. When an acetyl group is present, the Arnold reaction, leading to the formation of a chloroaryl, accompanies the heterocyclization. The rates and proportion of the reaction products depend on the position of the dimethyl groups relative to the pyrazole ring.     

Coprecipitation of Naphthol Azosulfonates with Organic Coprecipitants and Its Use in Flow-Injection Analysis

The coprecipitation of azo compounds based on 4-nitrophenyl- and 4-sulfophenyldiazonium naphthol sulfonates as their diphenylguanidinium ion-pair complexes with analogous compounds of naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid and 4-phenylsulfodiazonium is investigated. The optimization of the coprecipitation is considered based on the notions of the driving force of the cocrystallization of impurities. The optical characteristics of colored ion-pair complexes are measured. It is found that the water solubility is decreased most substantially for azosulfonates with hydrophobic nitro groups and with no more than two sulfo groups in different aromatic nuclei, which can lead to a decrease in the detection limit due to preconcentration by coprecipitation, which stimulates the thermodynamic flux of concentrate elution. Coprecipitation is combined with flow-injection analysis in the on-line mode, and new procedures are developed for determining naphthol sulfonates and related azo compounds with the detection limit equal to 0.003–0.006 mg/50 mL.     

Methyl <Emphasis Type="Italic">tert</Emphasis>-Amyl Ether Synthesis Catalyzed by a Sulfonic Cation Exchanger: The Effect of the Degree of Hydration of the Cation Exchanger on the Catalytic Activity and Reaction Mechanism

The catalytic properties of the fibrous sulfonic acid cation exchanger FIBAN K-1 in methyl tert-amyl ether synthesis are studied as a function of its water content. Reducing the degree of hydration of the cation exchanger to <2 H₂O molecules per SO₃H group diminishes the proportion of the desired product in the catalysate. According to ¹³C NMR data, protonation of methylbutenes in the air-dry cation exchanger phase (which contains 4 H₂O molecules per SO₃H group) involves [nH₂O] ⋅ H⁺ species and is accompanied by olefin hydration and the formation of protonated tert-amyl alcohol.__________Translated from Kinetika i Kataliz, Vol. 46, No. 4, 2005, pp. 536–542.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Egiazarov, Soldatov, Tychinskaya, Shachenkova, Cherches, Ermolenko.     

Towards stabilization of the potential response of Mn(III) tetraphenylporphyrin-based solid-state electrodes with selectivity for salicylate ions

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - We report a new type of solid-state electrode (type I) of a simple design with polyvinyl chloride membranes based on Mn(III) tetraphenylporphyrin and with...     

Intermolecular interactions in rifabutin–2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin–water solutions,according to solubility data

The formulations of rifabutin (RB) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), obtained using different preparation techniques, are studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry and molecular spectroscopy (FTIR, NMR, Raman scattering, and photon correlation light scattering). It is established that molecules of RB do not form inclusion complexes with the molecules of HP-β-CD, and an increase in the solubility of RB determined earlier is caused by the formation of weak intermolecular associates.     

Elemental Sulfur Disproportionation in the Redox Condensation Reaction between o‐Halonitrobenzenes and Benzylamines

The disproportionation of elemental sulfur at moderate temperatures is investigated in the redox condensation involving o‐halonitrobenzenes 1 and benzylamines 2 . As a redox moderator, elemental sulfur plays the dual role of both electron donor and acceptor, generating its lowest and highest oxidation states: S^?2 (sulfide equivalent) in benzothiazole 3 and S⁺⁶ (sulfate equivalent) in sulfamate 4 , and filling the electron gap of the global redox condensation process. Along with this process, a cascade of reactions of reduction of the nitro group of 1 , oxidation of the aminomethyl group of 2 , metal‐free aromatic halogen substitution, and condensation finally led to 2‐arylbenzothiazoles 3 .