Synthesis and applications of graphene oxide aerogels in bone tissue regeneration: a review

Development of biocompatible porous supports is a promising strategy in the field of tissue engineering for the repair and regeneration of bone tissues with severe damage. Graphene oxide aerogels (GOAs) are excellent candidates for the manufacture of these systems due to their porosity, ability to imitate bone structure, and mechanical resistance, and according to their surface chemical reactivity, they can facilitate osseointegration, osteogenesis, osteoinduction and osteoconduction. In this review, synthesis of GOAs from the most primary source is described, and recent studies on the use of these functionalized carbonaceous foams as scaffolding for bone tissue regeneration are presented.     

Synthesis of a disaccharide of phenolic glycolipid from Mycobacterium leprae (PGL-I) and its conjugates with bovine serum albumin

Russian Chemical Bulletin - Terminal disaccharide fragment of phenolic glycolipid from Mycobacterium leprae (PGL-I) was synthesized as a glycoside with 4-(2-aminoethoxy)phenyl aglycon. The obtained...     

Spectral boundary controllability of networks of strings

In this Note we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the spectral controllability from one simple node of a general network of strings that undergoes transversal vibrations in a sufficiently large time. This condition asserts that no eigenfunction vanishes identically on the string that contains the controlled node. The proof combines the Beurling–Malliavin's theorem and an asymptotic formula for the eigenvalues of the network. The optimal control time may be characterized as twice the sum of the lengths of all the strings of the network. To cite this article: R. Dáger, E. Zuazua, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 334 (2002) 545–550.     

Density functionals for exchange and correlation energies: Exact conditions and comparison of approximations

A set of exact conditions is compiled for the purpose of developing and testing approximations for the exchange-correlation energy as a functional of the electron density. Special emphasis is placed upon recently developed density-scaling relationships. Commonly used generalized gradient approximations are compared against several of these conditions. A direct tabular comparison of these functionals (not of calculated properties) with one another is also made. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Remarks on exact controllability for Stokes and Navier–Stokes systems

This Note deals with the controllability of Stokes and Navier–Stokes systems with distributed controls with support in possibly small subdomains. We first present a new global Carleman inequality for the solutions to Stokes-like systems that leads to the null controllability at any time T>0. Then, we present a local result concerning exact controllability to trajectories of the Navier–Stokes system. To cite this article: E. Fernández-Cara et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 338 (2004).     

Electrochemical reduction of monothiobenzils in the presence of aroyl chlorides. First synthesis of (Z)-α-benzoyloxy-β-benzoylthiostilbenes

The first method for the synthesis of the title compounds has been established involving a stereoselective electrochemical diacylation process. The cathodic reductions of monothiobenzils in an aprotic medium, under constant potential, in the presence of twofold molecular amounts of aroyl chlorides provide previously unknown (Z)-α-benzoyloxy-β-benzoythiostilbenes in high to quantitative yields.     

Relaxation processes in glasses of the Ge-As-S system

The internal friction in Ge _x As_{40 ? x} S₆₀ glasses is investigated in the temperature range 100 K-T _g at infralow frequencies (10^?3?10^?1 Hz). It is shown that the concentration dependence of the internal friction of these materials changes as a result of the transformation of the dominant kinetic unit in dissipative processes of the relaxation and nonrelaxation types. It is established tha the change in the mechanism of internal friction in the Ge _x As_{40 ? x} S₆₀ glasses leads to a jump in the activation energy of the α relaxation and to a local minimum in the frequency factor τ₀.     

On Covariant Phase Space and the Variational Bicomplex

The notion of a phase space in classical mechanics is well known. The extension of this concept to field theory however, is a challenging endeavor, and over the years numerous proposals for such a generalization have appeared in the literature. In this paper We review a Hamiltonian formulation of Lagrangian field theory based on an extension to infinite dimensions of J.-M. Souriau's symplectic approach to mechanics. Following G. Zuckerman, we state our results in terms of the modern geometric theory of differential equations and the variational bicomplex. As an elementary example, we construct a phase space for the Monge–Ampere equation.