Nonlinear AC and DC Conductivities in a Two-Subband n-GaAs/AlAs Heterostructure

JETP Letters - The DC and AC conductivities of the n-GaAs/AlAs heterostructure with two filled size quantization levels are studied within a wide magnetic field range. The electron spectrum of such...     

Optical properties of new organic conductors based on the BEDT-TSeF molecule (the κ-(BETS)4Hg2.84Br8 superconductor and κ-(BETS)4Hg3Cl8 Metal) in the range 300–15 K

Polarized reflectance and optical conductivity spectra of single crystals of two new isostructural organic conductors based on the BEDT-TSeF molecule, namely, the κ-(BETS)₄Hg_2.84Br₈ superconductor (T _c =2 K) and the κ-(BETS)₄Hg₃Cl₈ metal, which undergoes a smooth transition to the dielectric state near 35 K, have been obtained in the spectral region 700–6500 cm⁻¹ at temperatures of 300–15 K. At 300 K, the spectra of both compounds are nearly identical and differ from the Drude spectrum characteristic of metals. The nature of the observed difference is discussed, and the spectra are described in terms of a cluster approach with inclusion of electron-electron correlations in the Hubbard approximation combined with the Drude model. The parameters of the theory were determined, including the electron transfer integrals between molecules in a cluster. The spectra in the conducting plane of the crystals were found to be essentially anisotropic, which should be assigned to specific features of in-plane interaction between molecules. The spectra of the superconductor and the metal become increasingly different as the temperature is lowered. The spectra of the metal obtained for T<150 K exhibit splitting of the broad electronic maximum in the mid-IR region into two bands, which is accompanied by a splitting of a vibronic feature deriving from electron interaction with intramolecular BETS vibrations of ν₃(A _g ) symmetry. No such splitting is observed in the superconductor spectra with decreasing temperature. __________ Translated from Fizika Tverdogo Tela, Vol. 46, No. 11, 2004, pp. 1921–1929. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2004 by Vlasova, Drichko, Petrov, Semkin, Zhilyaeva, Lyubovskaya, Olejniczak, A. Kobayashi, H. Kobayashi.     

Optical Study of Anisotropy in Organic Conductors D4[MBr4](Solvent)

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - The polarized reflectance and optical conductivity spectra of layered organic conductors D4[MBr4](Solvent): θ-(BEDT-TTF)4HgBr4(DCB),...     

Nonlinear high-frequency hopping conduction in two-dimensional arrays of Ge-in-Si quantum dots: Acoustic methods

Using acoustic methods we have measured nonlinear AC conductance in 2D arrays of Ge-in-Si quantum dots. The combination of experimental results and modeling of AC conductance of a dense lattice of localized states leads us to the conclusion that the main mechanism of AC conduction in hopping systems with large localization length is due to the charge transfer within large clusters, while the main mechanism behind its non-Ohmic behavior is charge heating by absorbed power.     

Terahertz spectroscopy of AuFe spin glasses

The electrodynamic response of spin glasses (in the form of thin AuFe films) in the terahertz frequency range has been studied using backward-wave oscillator (BWO) spectroscopy (10–40 cm^?1) and optical ellipsometry (5000–33000 cm^?1) techniques at temperatures from 5 to 295 K. The room-temperature dynamic conductivity spectra of AuFe films are typical of metals and can be described within the framework of the Drude theory of conduction by free charge carriers. Changes in the microscopic parameters of charge carriers in AuFe films with increasing iron content, which are related to additional scattering of carriers on the impurity magnetic moments, have been studied on the quantitative level, including the carrier relaxation frequency and characteristic time, plasma frequency, and conductivity. It is established that the spin-glass phase at a temperature of ～5 K exhibits dispersion of the conductivity in the frequency range 10–40 cm^?1, which can be related to the appearance of a mobility gap in the subsystem of free electrons involved in the RKKY interaction between magnetic centers (Fe atoms).     

The shear modulus of the human vocal fold in a transverse direction

The aim of this study was to measure the shear modulus of the vocal fold in a human hemilarynx, such that the data can be related to direction of applied stress and anatomical context. Dynamic spring rate data were collected using a modified linear skin rheometer using human hemilarynges, and converted to estimated shear modulus via application of a simple shear model. The measurement probe was attached to the epithelial layer of the vocal fold cover using suction. A sinusoidal force of 3g was applied to the epithelium, and the resultant displacement logged at a rate of 1kHz. Force measurement accuracy was 20microg and position measurement accuracy was 4microm. The force was applied in a transverse direction at the midmembranous point between the vocal process and the anterior commissure. The shear modulus of the three female vocal folds ranged from 814 to 1232Pa. The shear modulus of the three male vocal folds ranged from 1021 to 1796Pa. These data demonstrate that it is possible to obtain estimates for the shear modulus of the vocal fold while preserving anatomical context. The modulus values reported here are higher than those reported using parallel plate rheometry. This is to be expected as the tissue is attached to surrounding structures, and is under natural tension.     

Electronic and electronic-vibrational phenomena in the new organic conductor ϰ-(ET)2[Hg(SCN)2Cl] with a metal-insulator transition

The reflection spectra and optical conductivity spectra of the new organic conductor ϰ-(ET)₂[Hg(SCN)₂Cl] with a metal-insulator transition in the spectral regions 700–5500 and 9000–40 000 cm⁻¹ have been studied in polarized light at 300 K. A comparisonis made between the spectra obtained and the corresponding spectra of related isostructural conductors based on the ET molecule, and also the properties of the crystal structure of the investigated compounds. An electronic transition between the ET molecules of the dimer (ET) ₂ ⁺ in the spectral region 700–5500 cm⁻¹ has been identified, as have the features of the electronic-vibrational structure arising as a consequence of the interaction of this transition with the completely symmetric intramolecular vibrations of the ET molecule. It is found that the conductor with the stronger dimer interaction between the ET molecules has the higher the transition temperature. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 1313–1319 (August 1997)     

Radical Cation Salts of Tetrathiotetracene and Tetraselenotetracene with Photochromic Anion [Fe(NO)(CN)5]2–

Radical cation salts of tetrathiotetracene (TTT) and tetraselenotetracene (TSeT) with photochromic anion [Fe(NO)(CN)₅]^2– having the compositions (TTT)₃[Fe(NO)(CN)₅] (I) and (TSeT)₃[Fe(NO)(CN)₅] (II) were synthesized. Their crystal structures and conducting and optical properties were studied. The salt structures are featured by stacks of TTT or TSeT triads. Analysis of the bond lengths in TTT and TSeT revealed localization of a charge in the triads, where one molecule is neutral and the other two molecules are charged (1+). At room temperature, the conductivity of crystals I and II along the stack direction is 6 × 10^–2 and 5–7 Ohm^–1 cm^–1, respectively. Unlike I, the temperature dependence of conductivity of II has peculiarities at 285 and 160 K due to phase transitions. The transition at 160 K was discovered also in the reflection spectra.     

New molecular complexes of fullerenes C60 and C70 with tetraphenylporphyrins [M(tpp)], in which M=H2, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, and FeCl

New molecular complexes of fullerenes C60 and C70 with tetraphenylporphyrins [M(tpp)] in which M-H2, MnII, CoII, CuII, ZnII and Fe(III)Cl, have been synthesised. Crystal structures of two C60 complexes with H2TPP, which differ only in the number of benzene solvated molecules, and C60 and C70 complexes with [Cu(tpp)] have been studied. The fullerene molecules form a honeycomb motif in H2TPP.2C60. 3C6H6, puckered graphite-like layers in H2TPP.2C60.4C6H6, zigzag chains in [Cu(tpp)].C70.1.5C7H8.0.5C2HCl3 and columns in [Cu(tpp)]2.C60. H2TPP has van der Waals contacts with C60 through nitrogen atoms and phenyl groups. Copper atoms of the [Cu(tpp)] molecules are weakly coordinated with C70, but form no shortened contacts with C60. The formation of molecular complexes with fullerenes affects the ESR spectra of [M(tpp)] (M = Mn, Co and Cu). [Mn(tpp)] in the complex with C70 lowers its spin state from S = 5/2 to S = 1/2, whereas [Co(tpp)] and [Cu(tpp)] change the constants of hyperfine interaction. ESR, IR, UV-visible and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic data show no noticeable charge transfer from the porphyrinate to the fullerene molecules.     

Magnetoresistance in dilute p‐Si/SiGe in parallel and tilted magnetic fields

We report the results of an experimental study of the magnetoresistance ρ_xx and ρ_xy in two samples of p‐Si/SiGe with low carrier concentrations p = 8.2 × 10¹⁰ cm^‐2 and p = 2 × 10¹¹ cm^‐2. The research was performed in the temperature range of 0.3–2 K and in the magnetic fields of up to 18 T, parallel or tilted with respect to the two‐dimensional (2D) channel plane. The large in‐plane magnetoresistance can be explained by the influence of the in‐plane magnetic field on the orbital motion of the charge carriers in the quasi‐2D system. The measurements of ρ_xx and ρ_xy in the tilted magnetic field showed that the anomaly in ρ_xx, observed at filling factor ν = 3/2 is practically nonexistent in the conductivity σ_xx. The anomaly in σ_xx at ν = 2 might be explained by overlapping of the levels with different spins 0 ↑ and 1 ↓ when the tilt angle of the applied magnetic field is changed. The dependence of g‐factor g^*(Θ)/g^*(0⁰) on the tilt angle Θ was determined.