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1.
The stereochemistry of the hydrogenolysis of benzyl-N bonds was studied using S(+)-2-dimethylamino-2-phenyl-propionic acid (I) and its derivatives, and R(?)-2-anilino-2-phenyl-propionic acid (II). The configuration of I was confirmed, that of II established by ORD. measurements, after transformation of the phenyl into cyclohexyl groups. On a palladium catalyst the hydrogenolysis of I, its methyl and ethyl esters and its amide proceeded with 72 to 99% inversion of configuration, that of II with at least 66% inversion. The ester of the quaternary ammonium derivative of I gave as much inversion as retention (= racemisation). 相似文献
2.
In the crystalline N,N′-dimethylated uracil derivatives 2a , b , the kinetically stabilized enol group forms an H-bond with O? C(4), as demonstrated by increased shielding of specifically labelled 2a and 2b in the 17O-NMR spectra (Δδ(17O)(C(4)—O) ? ?30 ppm); absence of dilution and solvent effects show that the H-bridge is intra-molecular, forming an eight-membered chelate ring. The (apparent) shielding effect Δδ(17O) in 2a, b is larger than that in salicylamide. The strong H-bond explains why the enols 2 , in spite of the absence of steric hindrance, are kinetically stabilized. 相似文献
3.
On treatment with HSO3F in SO2C1F at 0°, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl-propionic acid ( 1a ) is transformed into 2-phenyl-3-methyl-2-butenoic acid ( 2a ) (isolated yield: 40–44%). Using monolabelled [3-13C]- 1a ( 1a *) and doubly labelled [1,3-13C2]- 1a ( 1a **), the migration of HOOC (or a mechanistically equivalent group) was proved; a cross experiment established the intramolecular character of the rearrangement. By following the reaction at low temperature in an NMR. spectrometer, the formation of intermediates and side products was demonstrated. 相似文献
4.
In the bromodesulfonation of sodium 2, 6-dibromophenol-4-sulfonate (I) and similar compounds, the relatively stable quinoloid intermediate II exchanges its carbonyl oxygen with that of H218O by an addition-elimination process. The exchange is slower than the formation of the product III; it is roughly comparable to the exchange velocity of quinones of similar structure. By reversibility of the electrophilic additon step, 18O is incorporated into the starting phenol I. In electrophilic substitutions with shorter life-time of the quinoloid intermediate, the oxygen exchange is difficult or impossible to observe. 相似文献
5.
Aqueous nitrosation of primary α-carbonyl diazo compounds (ethyl diazoacetate, diazoacetone, diazoacetophenones) yields α-carbonyl nitrile oxides, R? CO? CNO; their formation is demonstrated by 1,3-dipolar addition reactions. 相似文献
6.
Under the conditions of the benzilic acid rearrangement, α,β-diketobutyryl-di-phenylamide (Ia) and -N-methylanilide (Ib) are transformed into tartronic acid derivatives (VI), which decarboxylate to lactamides VII. It is proved by 14-labelling of Ia, that the reaction takes place by carbonamide group migration. The reaction was followed kinetically by polarography at a fixed potential; at low pH the velocity is proportional to [OH?], at higher pH it becomes independent of [OH?], which is explained by complete transformation of I into its hydrate-anion. The equilibrium between I and its hydrate was measured by UV.-spectroscopy. 相似文献
7.
CD. curves have been recorded for α-aryl-α-amino acids, esters and amides related to α-phenylglycine, α-phenyl-alanine and their N-dimethyl derivatives, and for the corresponding α-cyclohexyl-α-amino acids and esters. Compounds with the (S)-configuration at the single asymmetric carbon atom give strong positive Cotton effects near 220 nm. The conformations of the acids are discussed and compared with those of other α-amino acids. 相似文献
8.
In HSO3F/SO2ClF the β-hydroxy esters Ph-CHOH-CMe2-COOR ( 1 , R?Me, Et) are doubly protonated, then transformed into the fluorosulfates 7 and (partly) into the fluorides 8. At ?15°, both 7 and 8 undergo a rearrangement, forming derivatives of Me2C?C(Ph)COOR ( 2 ). By labelling 1 with 13C, singly (13C(3)) and doubly (13C(1,3)), it could be shown that exclusively the ROOC groups undergo a 1,2-shift. Compound 2 is also formed in HSO3F/SO2ClF from the isomeric Me2COH-CHPh-COOR ( 3 ) by elimination, and less easily from the α-hydroxy ester Ph-CMe2-CHOH-COOR (5) via a phenyl 1,2-shift. Another isomer, Ph-C(OH)Me-CHMe-COOR (4) gives products different from 2 . Using more acidic systems containing SbF5, the free carbenium ions 13 (Ph-CH+-CMe2-COOR) can be stabilized; they do not form 2 , possibly because of complexation of the ester group with SbF5. The energy profile and the mechanism of the rearrangement 1 → 2 are discussed. 相似文献
9.
D. W. Davidson Y. P. Handa C. I. Ratcliffe J. A. Ripmeester J. S. Tse J. R. Dahn 《Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals》2013,570(1-2):141-149
Low-temperature neutron and X-ray diffraction studies show the gas hydrates of oxygen and nitrogen to be structure II (Fd3m), as recently found also for the hydrates of the small argon and krypton molecules. New lattice parameters of three structure I and 14 structure II hydrates from powder X-ray diffraction at 170 K are reported. The thermal expansion coefficient of tetrahydrofuran hydrate was determined from X-ray diffraction at some 50 temperatures between 18 and 263 K and found to be three times as great as for ice near 100 K and 30% higher near 250 K. Lattice parameters qf 40 type II clathrate hydrates are compared at 0°C and found to lie within 0.10 Å of 17.30 Å. 相似文献
10.
Quinoxaline-3-ketones substituted by different groups in position 2 (I) are easily cyclized by hydroxylamine and phenylhydrazine to form isoxazolo[4, 5-b] quinoxalines (II) and pyrazolo [3, 4-b] quinoxalines (III) respectively. The reactions proceed via the oximes resp. phenylhydrazones. Groups displaced are not only the customary leaving groups of aromatic SN2 reactions (halogens, OH), but likewise H, COOH, CONH2, CO-Ar, and, less easily, benzyl groups; methyl and phenyl groups were not displaced. The displacement of hydride ion in the presence of excess of hydroxylamine resp. phenylhydrazine is explained in terms of an extension of the theory of osazone formation. 相似文献