Resonant Raman scattering by strained and relaxed germanium quantum dots

This paper reports on the results of resonant Raman scattering investigations of the fundamental vibrations in Ge/Si structures with strained and relaxed germanium quantum dots. Self-assembled strained Ge/Si quantum dots are grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on Si(001) substrates. An ultrathin SiO₂ layer is grown prior to the deposition of a germanium layer with the aim of forming relaxed germanium quantum dots. The use of resonant Raman scattering (selective with respect to quantum dot size) made it possible to assign unambiguously the line observed in the vicinity of 300 cm^?1 to optical phonons confined in relaxed germanium quantum dots. The influence of confinement effects and mechanical stresses on the vibrational spectra of the structures with germanium quantum dots is analyzed.     

Growth of copper phthalocyanine on hydrogen passivated vicinal silicon(1 1 1) surfaces

Using ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV-STM), we show that copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc) grows in a well ordered manner on hydrogen passivated vicinal silicon surfaces. CuPc grows one-dimensionally parallel to the monatomic steps on the vicinal silicon surface. Surprisingly, elongated clusters of the CuPc parallel to the step directions are formed even on the middle of the terraces well away from the step edges. The one-dimensional growth mode continues even after the full monolayer coverage on the substrate which results in strongly oriented growth mode of a thin film of CuPc on the vicinal silicon surfaces.     

Interaction of metals with an organic semiconductor: Ag and In on PTCDA

The interaction of Ag and In with a thin film of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) was studied by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). Upon Ag deposition on a PTCDA film of 20 nm thickness the relative intensities and lineshapes, as well as the angular dependence of the spectra remains unchanged, illustrating the formation of a chemically unreactive Ag/PTCDA interface. On the other hand, the adsorption of 0.3 nm In strongly decreases the intensity of the π^* resonances in C and O K-edge NEXAFS spectra. This is attributed to a strong charge transfer between In and PTCDA, leading to a redistribution of the charge in the molecule. However, the absence of a strong shift or new features and negligible dependence of peak intensities corresponding to π^* resonances on the In thickness indicate that the interaction between In and PTCDA is not accompanied by a covalent bond formation.     

Biochemisches Verhalten von Desoxyribonucleinsäure

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine durch DNS ausgel?ste biologische Wirkkette diskutiert. Durch DNS-Injektion lassen sich beim Warmblüter DNase-Aktivit?tserscheinungen hervorrufen. DNasen bewirken in niedrigen Konzentrationsbereichen 10⁻¹³-10⁻⁵ g/ml eine Steigerung der Zellzahl. In h?heren Konzentrationen wirken sie hemmend auf die Lebenst?tigkeit. Aufgrund dieser experimentellen Befunde ergibt sich ein selbstregelnder Mechanismus. Ausgeführt mit Mitteln der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Zur Kenntnis der Reaktionen von Carbonsäurechloriden in Lösungsmitteln mit Wolle

Zusammenfassung Wolle und-Keratose wurden mit Carbonsäure-chloriden in Dimethylsulfoxid mit Pyridinzusatz oder ohne Base bei 20–60 °C bis zu 4 Stunden umgesetzt. Die dabei eintretende Vernetzungsreaktion beruht auf der Bildung von Formaldehyd aus den Säurechloriden und Dimethylsulfoxid. Damit werden auch die Anafysendaten verständlich: geringe Gewichtsänderungen, Beteiligung des Lysins, keine Beteiligung der Carboxylgruppen, Verschwinden des Tyrosins erst nach saurer Totalhydrolyse. Läßt man Acylchloride in Dimethylformamid, Dimethylacetamid, Hexamethyl-phosphorsäuretriamid,-Butyrolacton und Methyl-pyrrolidon auf Wolle einwirken, so erfolgt N,O-Acylierung unter Gewichtszunahme.

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Summary Wool and -Keratose were reacted at 20–60° for 4 hours with acylchlorides in dimethylsulfoxide with addition of pyridine or without a base. The ensuing crosslinking reaction. was due to formation of formaldehyde by reaction of the acid chlorides with the solvent dimethylsulfoxide. This explains the analytical data found: small weight changes participation of lysine, no participation of the carboxylic groups, disappearance of tyrosine during the acid hydrolysis.If the acyl chlorides are reacted with wool in the solvents dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, hexamethyl-phosphortriamide,-butyrolacton and methyl-pyrrolidone, normal acylation and corresponding weight increases were found.

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Teil der DissertationH.-D. Scharf, RWTH Aachen, 1972; 21. Mitteilung über ,Reaktivität von Aminosäureseitenketten. 20. Mitteilung vgl.W. Wellner, D. Nissen und H. Zahn, Colloid u. Polymer Sci.255, 444 (1977).

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Jetzt Dynamit-Nobel AG., Troisdorf.

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Jetzt Wella AG, Darmstadt.

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Mit 4 Abbildungen und 8 Tabellen     

Infrared spectroscopic characterization of the buried interface and surfaces of bonded silicon wafers

Basic investigations have been carried out on the characterization of different processing steps in bond preparation using etched <111> faces of silicon wafers for the incidence of the infrared beam to a multiple internal reflection geometry. The method is very sensitive to the surface coverage and interface. Surface activation by RCA cleaning yields an increase of water coverage and a decrease of SiH and CH groups. The detection limit for an oxide layer between silicon wafers has been found to be about 3 nm. Received: 18 July 1997 / Revised: 15 August 1997 / Accepted: 19 August 1997     

Diastereoselective hydroformylation of 2-substituted allylic o-DPPB-esters-on the origin of 1,2-asymmetric induction

2-Substituted secondary alcohol o-DPPB esters (o-DPPB=ortho-diphenylphosphanylbenzoyl) have been prepared and their o-DPPB-directed diastereoselective hydroformylation examined. It was found that the diastereoselectivity increased as a function of the steric demand of the substituents both at the stereogenic center and in the alkene 2-position. Hydrolytic cleavage of the o-DPPB group afforded-via the lactols 29-the corresponding lactones 30, the relative configurations of the vicinal stereogenic centers of which were ascertainable by 2D-NOESY spectroscopy. In addition, a crystal structure analysis of the hydroformylation product 2 d provided further confirmation of the relative configuration. Replacement of the ester carbonyl group of the o-DPPB by a methylene unit resulted in significantly worse diastereoselectivity in the course of the hydroformylation (34-->35), which indicates a decisive role for the ester carbonyl function. All the experimental observations were combined in a model of the origin of the 1,2-asymmetric induction during the title reaction. The key feature is the consideration of diastereomeric trigonal-bipyramidal rhodium-hydrido-olefin complexes I and II, capable on the basis of the Hammond postulate of acting as good models for the transition states of the selectivity-determining hydrometalation step. Investigation of these complexes by force-field methods indicated good correlation between theoretically predicted and experimentally determined diastereoselectivities.     

Atomistic Simulation Study of Calcium,Phosphate and Fluoride Ion Association to the Teleopeptide‐Tails of Collagen – Initial Steps to Biomineral Formation

The attachment of single ions to putative adsorption sites in the tails of collagen fibers is investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations and discussed with respect to the very early steps of apatite/collagen biomineral formation. Our studies clearly demonstrate an increased flexibility of the tails of the triple‐helical collagen protein. Apart from the termini of the backbone, several side chains were also observed to be freely accessible to ion attachment from aqueous solution. The teleopeptide was systematically scanned for suitable adsorption sites for calcium, phosphate and fluoride ions. Association of these ions was then explored from potential of mean force calculations. The resulting energy profiles reveal a variety of favorable protein‐ion bonds and hint at the suitability of the collagen tails to promote apatite aggregation.