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K. Siimer T. Kaljuvee P. Christjanson I. Lasn 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2006,84(1):71-77
TG-DTA
analysis method was used to study the curing behaviour of urea-formaldehyde
(UF) adhesive resins in the presence of a wood substrate. The cure process
was followed using a Setaram labsysTM instrument
in flowing nitrogen atmosphere by varying the ratio of resin and wood. Resin
cure was catalysed with 2% of NH4Cl. Curing tests were
performed in the open standard platinum crucibles and in the sealed glass
capsules. To characterise the reactivity of curing system, the peak temperatures
in DTA curve and the mass loss values in TG curve were taken as the apparent
indices. The main attention was paid to phenomena which actually take place
in curing of UF resins during manufacturing of particleboards. Reactivity
of the curing system depends mostly on methylol content of resin and can be
adequetly evaluated by the maximum temperature of exothermic peak. The wood
substrate has a substantial influence on the resin and water diffusion in
system causing the changes in water/resin separation and water evaporation
conditions. The water movement in curing adhesive joint was a confusing parameter
in determining the peak positions. The rate of mass loss on a wood substrate
is higher as compared to curing UF resin alone. 相似文献
2.
K. Siimer T. Kaljuvee P. Christjanson T. Pehk I. Saks 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2008,91(2):365-373
Thermal behaviour of cure-accelerated phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins was studied using the addition of commercial mixture
of water soluble oil shale alkylresorcinols (AR) to PF resin, 5-MR being as model compound. The acceleration effect of AR
is based on the promotion of condensation of resin methylol groups and subsequent reaction of released formaldehyde with AR.
Commercial PF resins SFŽ-3013VL and SFŽ-3014 from the Estonian factory VKG Resins have been used. The chemical structure of
resins was characterised by 13C NMR spectroscopy. TG-DTA analysis was carried out using labsysTM instrument Setaram. By TG-DTA measurements, the shift of exothermic and endothermic peaks and the changes of mass loss rate
in the ranges of 1.5–10 g AR/100 g PF resin were studied. The effect of AR on the curing behaviour of PF resins was also followed
by gel time.
Testing of the plywood when using PF resin with 5 mass% of AR shows that the press time could be reduced by about 15%. 相似文献
3.
TG-DTA study of melamine-urea-formaldehyde resins 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
K. Siimer P. Christjanson T. Kaljuvee T. Pehk I. Lasn I. Saks 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2008,92(1):19-27
The thermal behaviour of MUF resins from different suppliers with different content of melamine was studied, along with the 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis of resin structure and the testing of particleboards in current production at Estonian PB factory Pärnu Plaaditehas AS. The chemical structure of resins from DMSO-d6 solutions was analysed by 13C NMR spectroscopy on a Bruker AMX500 NMR spectrometer. The melamine level in different MUF resins is compared by the ratios of carbonyl carbon of urea and triazine carbon of melamine in 13C NMR spectra. Curing behaviour of MUF resins was studied by stimultaneous TG-DTA techniques on the Labsys? instrument Setaram. The shape of DTA curves characterisises the resin synthesis procedure by the extent of polymerisation of UF and MF components and is in accordance with structural data. 相似文献
4.
Changes in curing behaviour of aminoresins during storage 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
K. Siimer T. Kaljuvee P. Christjanson T. Pehk 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2005,80(1):123-130
Summary The curing behaviour of commercial UF and MUF resins, stored at room temperature nearly up to gelation, is studied by simultaneous TG-DTA technique and structural changes of resins are also followed during aging. On the basis of 13C NMR spectra, the main chemical reaction during UF resin storage is the formation of methylenes and dimethylene ethers linked to secondary amino groups. Aging of resins results in a decrease of cure rate which is related to lower concentration of active functional groups and decrease in molecular mobility. On DTA curve, the resin with higher content of methylol groups reveals the curing exotherm earlier. With decreasing methylol content during storage, the peak maximum of exotherm is shifted to higher temperature value. Advanced polycondensation and sedimentation processes during storage produce partly locked in macromolecule structure water, and the water evaporation endotherm on DTA curve shifts to considerably higher temperature. The aged MUF resins are chemically less changed than UF resins and the aging process mainly involves noncovalent network formation due to complex molecular structure. 相似文献
5.
K. Siimer P. Christjanson T. Kaljuvee T. Pehk I. Saks 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2009,97(2):459-466
Urea–formaldehyde (UF) and phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resins are the most widely used wood adhesives. The first stage in resin
manufacturing is the formation of methylol derivatives which polycondensation leads to building the tridimensional network.
Understanding the behaviour of methylol compounds in curing provides useful information for developing appropriate resin structures.
Thermal behaviour of N,N′-dihydroxymethylurea, 2- and 4-hydroxymethylphenols, urea and phenol as model compounds for UF, PF and phenol–urea–formaldehyde
(PUF) resins was followed by TG-DTA method. The measurements were carried out by the labsys instrument Setaram at 30–450 °C in nitrogen flow. The characteristic signals for model compounds and for some reaction mixtures
were measured by high resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy. 相似文献
6.
Thermal behaviour of urea-formaldehyde resins during curing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Siimer K. Kaljuvee T. Christjanson P. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2003,72(2):607-617
Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins are the most widely used polycondensation resins today in manufacturing particleboards. The
performance of UF resins in their processing is greatly influenced by curing characteristics. The cure process has been monitored
by TG-DTA technique on a Setaram labsysTM instrument in dynamic heating conditions at different heating rates. Commercial
UF resins from different suppliers used in Estonian particleboard factories were selected for TG-DTA measurements. Experiments
were carried out without and with catalysts. Ammonium chloride and ammonium sulphate were used. Curing characteristics were
evaluated both for fresh and aged resins.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Chemical constitution of urea-formaldehyde resins in synthesis and in storage was determined using 13C NMR spectroscopy. Methylolation, methylene and dimethylene ether bond-forming reactions were discussed. The changes in the content of structural elements with secondary and tertiary amino groups of urea at various stages were followed. The resin synthesis technology was used, which considers the requirement in low free formaldehyde content, connected with somewhat smaller storage stability of resins. 相似文献
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