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M. Yu. Zaremskii Sin Chen A. P. Orlova I. V. Blagodatskikh 《Polymer Science Series B》2013,55(9-10):526-540
The effects of polymerization conditions (the types and concentrations of initiator and solvent, the TEMPO-to-initiator molar ratio, and temperature) on the kinetics and mechanism of pseudoliving radical polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine mediated by the nitroxide TEMPO are studied. The key quantitative parameters of the process are calculated: namely, the rate constant of reinitiation, the rate constant of inhibition, and the product of the propagation-rate constant and the pseudoliving equilibrium constant. The optimum conditions for the controlled synthesis of poly(4-vinylpyridine) mediated by TEMPO are ascertained. 相似文献
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Isoflavonoids are a class of organic compounds that act primarily as antioxidants. They are produced almost exclusively by various members of the bean family including soybeans, tofu, peanuts, chick peas, and alfalfa. The antioxidant characteristics that isoflavonoids exhibit help hinder the progression of certain cancers, primarily breast, prostate, and colon cancer. We have developed a three-five step synthesis for obtaining a suite of isoflavonoid derivatives. The synthesis involves an enamine formation, a ring closure and halogenation, a Suzuki coupling, and finally a global deprotection to obtain the respective isoflavonoid derivatives. 相似文献
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Suzanne K. Estok Thomas A. Hughes IV Mary K. Carroll Ann M. Anderson 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2014,70(3):371-377
Silica aerogels were prepared using the precursor tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) via a rapid supercritical extraction (RSCE) method. Multiple consistent batches of monolithic TEOS-based aerogels were fabricated via an 8-h RSCE process. Fabricating TEOS-based aerogels with an RSCE method offers some distinct advantages. One advantage is the relative simplicity of the RSCE approach: liquid precursors are mixed and poured into a metal mold in a hydraulic hot-press, where gelation, aging and extraction of liquid from the pores occur. The precursor recipe employs TEOS, ethanol, water, oxalic acid to catalyze hydrolysis, and ammonia to catalyze the subsequent polycondensation reactions. Another advantage is that reaction of TEOS to form sol gels yields ethanol as a byproduct. A process that releases ethanol, rather than methanol (as in tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS)-based aerogels) may be more appealing for commercial applications, involving scale-up of the process. The significantly lower cost of TEOS, compared to TMOS, is a considerable advantage. The TEOS-based RSCE aerogels are mesoporous and optically translucent, have bulk densities of 0.099(±0.003) g/cm3 and surface areas of 460(±10) m2/g. Signals observed in infrared and Raman spectra of the aerogels are consistent with Si–O framework bonds. Using scanning electron microscopy imaging, the surface morphology of the aerogel samples was imaged at magnifications up to 150 kX. 相似文献
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Enrique Castillo Rosa Eva Pruneda MÓnica Esquivel IV 《International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science & Technology》2013,44(2):209-232
The paper presents a method for generating random linear programming problems with a previously selected type of solution. The user can choose a problem whose solution is unbounded, bounded for minima, maxima or both, unique or multiple, with given structure, at wish. Initially, the feasible solution of the LPP is generated as the sum of a linear space, a cone, and a polytope, depending on the desired properties of the solution. With the aim of obtaining a simple set of constraints, the generators of these three structures are selected as random vectors with integer simple components, the range of which can be given. Next, an objective function that satisfies the required conditions, i.e. leads to a solution of the desired type, is obtained. The generating algorithms have been implemented in Mathematica and some illustrative examples are given to clarify the generation process. With this tool, a LPP can be generated, according to the instructor requirements, where this is a human or an expert system. They can control student progress and generate a sequence of problems covering all possible cases, in steps of increasing difficulty. Combining this tool with another (also produced by the same authors) that solves the problems and explains the whole process, step by step, a computer aided module for learning LPP, which is completely autonomous, can be easily obtained. 相似文献
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We prove that when q is any odd prime power, the distance-2 graph on the set of vertices at maximal distance D from any fixed vertex of the Hemmeter graph HemD(q) is isomorphic to the graph QuadD-1(q) of quadratic forms on . 相似文献