Banach-Saks property in Marcinkiewicz spaces

We catalogue all Marcinkiewicz function and sequence spaces with the Banach-Saks property and present necessary and sufficient conditions for a wide subclass of spaces to possess the p-Banach-Saks property, 1<p<∞. We apply our results to several open problems.     

Probing the water coordination of protein-targeted MRI contrast agents by pulsed ENDOR spectroscopy.

A novel methodology based on electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is used for the direct determination of the water coordination number (q) of gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Proton ENDOR spectra can be obtained at approximately physiological concentrations for metal complexes in frozen aqueous solutions either in the presence or absence of protein targets. It is shown that, depending on the structure of the co-ligand, the water hydration number of a complex in aqueous solution can be significantly different to when the complex is noncovalently bound to a protein. From the ENDOR spectra of the exchangeable protons, precise information on the metal-proton distance can be derived as well. These essential parameters directly correlate with the efficacy of MRI contrast agents and should therefore aid the development of novel, highly efficient compounds targeted to various proteins.     

Modulation effects in the electron spin echo of trans bis-(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-imidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl-4-il) ethylene biradicals

Electron spin echo modulation effects have been investigated in trans bis(2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-imidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl-4-il) ethylene biradicals involving ¹⁴N or ¹⁵N nuclei in different positions. The modulation frequencies are shown to be the nitrogen nuclear transition frequencies in radical fragments at m_S = 0 of a triplet electronic spin. Quadrupole splitting parameters for these nitrogen nuclei have been determined.     

Comparative modulation analysis of electron spin echo signals from oxidized chlorophyll a in vitro and P 700 centres in chloroplasts

A comparative analysis of electron spin echo modulation effects from ¹⁴N nuclei of pyrrole rings for Chla⁺ and P 700⁺ has been performed, yielding parameters of quadrupole and isotropic hyperfine couplings with nitrogen nuclei in these paramagnetic centres.     

Models of the low-spin iron(III) hydroperoxide intermediate of heme oxygenase: magnetic resonance evidence for thermodynamic stabilization of the d(xy) electronic state at ambient temperatures

The (13)C pulsed ENDOR and NMR study of [meso-(13)C-TPPFe(OCH(3))(OO(t)Bu)](-) performed in this work shows that although the unpaired electron in low-spin ferrihemes containing a ROO(-) ligand resides in a d(pi) orbital at 8 K, the d(xy) electron configuration is favored at physiological temperatures. The variable temperature NMR spectra indicate a dynamic situation in which a heme with a d(pi) electron configuration and planar porphyrinate ring is in equilibrium with a d(xy) electron configuration that has a ruffled porphyrin ring. Because of the similarity in the EPR spectra of the hydroperoxide complexes of heme oxygenase, cytochrome P450, and the model heme complex reported herein, it is possible that these two electron configurations and ring conformations may also exist in equilibrium in the enzymatic systems. The ruffled porphyrinate ring would aid the attack of the terminal oxygen of the hydroperoxide intermediate of heme oxygenase (HO) on the meso-carbon, and the large spin density at the meso-carbons of a d(xy) electron configuration heme suggests the possibility of a radical mechanism for HO. The dynamic equilibrium between the ruffled (d(xy)) and planar (d(pi)) conformers observed in the model complexes also suggests that a flexible heme binding cavity may be an important structural motif for heme oxygenase activity.     

Extraction of subsystems “Majorized” by the rademacher system

In this paper it is proved that from any uniformly bounded orthonormal system {f _n} _n=1 ^∞ of random variables defined on the probability space (Ω, ε, P), one can extract a subsystem {fni} _i ^{Emphasis>=1/∞} majorized in distribution by the Rademacher system on [0, 1]. This means that {

Interpolation between and

We show that if is a rearrangement invariant space on that is an interpolation space between and and for which we have only a one-sided estimate of the Boyd index 1/p, 1 < p < \infty$">, then is an interpolation space between and . This gives a positive answer for a question posed by Semenov. We also present the one-sided interpolation theorem about operators of strong type and weak type .