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1.
The considered mathematical model of the decomposition of valerate presents three unknown kinetic parameters, two unknown
stoichiometric coefficients, and three unknown initial concentrations for biomass. Applying a structural identifiability study,
we concluded that it is necessary to perform simultaneous batch experiments with differenitial conditions for estimating these
parameters. Four simultaneous batch experiments were conducted at 55°C, characterized by four different initial acetate concentrations.
Product inhibition of valerate degradation by acetate was considered. Practical identification was done optimizing the sum
of the multiple determination coefficients for all measured state viariables and for all experiments simultaneously. The estimated
values of kinetic parameters and stoichiometric coefficients were characterized by the parameter correlation matrix, the confidence
interval, and the student's t-test at 9% significance level with positive results except for the saturation constant, for which more eperiments for improving
its identifiability should be conducted. In this article, we discussekinetic parameter estimation methods. 相似文献
2.
S. I. Njoku B. K. Ahring H. Uellendahl 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2013,170(7):1574-1588
The pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is crucial for efficient subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation. In this study, wet explosion (WEx) pretreatment was applied to cocksfoot grass and pretreatment conditions were tailored for maximizing the sugar yields using response surface methodology. The WEx process parameters studied were temperature (160–210 °C), retention time (5–20 min), and dilute sulfuric acid concentration (0.2–0.5 %). The pretreatment parameter set E, applying 210 °C for 5 min and 0.5 % dilute sulfuric acid, was found most suitable for achieving a high glucose release with low formation of by-products. Under these conditions, the cellulose and hemicellulose sugar recovery was 94 % and 70 %, respectively. The efficiency of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose under these conditions was 91 %. On the other hand, the release of pentose sugars was higher when applying less severe pretreatment conditions C (160 °C, 5 min, 0.2 % dilute sulfuric acid). Therefore, the choice of the most suitable pretreatment conditions is depending on the main target product, i.e., hexose or pentose sugars. 相似文献
3.
We report on a study of the proton induced hyperon production reactions. We discuss the theoretical efforts made towards understanding
the existing data and the uncertainties involved in the calculations. Our recent calculations of the missing mass spectra
for the pp → K
+ Λp reaction which involve a proper coupled channel treatment of the final state Λp interaction are presented. Significant differences in the results using different models of the hyperon-nucleon interaction
are found. 相似文献
4.
Jens A. Iversen Rolf W. Berg Birgitte K. Ahring 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2014,406(20):4911-4919
Compared to traditional IR methods, Raman spectroscopy has the advantage of only minimal interference from water when measuring aqueous samples, which makes this method potentially useful for in situ monitoring of important industrial bioprocesses. This study demonstrates real-time monitoring of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation process using a Raman spectroscopy instrument equipped with a robust sapphire ball probe. A method was developed to correct the Raman signal for the attenuation caused by light scattering cell particulate, hence enabling quantification of reaction components and possibly measurement of yeast cell concentrations. Extinction of Raman intensities to more than 50 % during fermentation was normalized with approximated extinction expressions using Raman signal of water around 1,627 cm?1 as internal standard to correct for the effect of scattering. Complicated standard multi-variant chemometric techniques, such as PLS, were avoided in the quantification model, as an attempt to keep the monitoring method as simple as possible and still get satisfactory estimations. Instead, estimations were made with a two-step approach, where initial scattering correction of attenuated signals was followed by linear regression. In situ quantification measurements of the fermentation resulted in root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) of 2.357, 1.611, and 0.633 g/L for glucose, ethanol, and yeast concentrations, respectively. 相似文献
5.
We have investigated the fast ethylamine gas sensing of 2-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride(CDBF) loaded poly(acrylonitrile) nanofiber based on an intermolecular charge-transfer complexation.Reversible response and recovery were achieved using alternating gas exposure.This system shows a fast ethylamine gas sensing within 0.4 s. 相似文献
6.
Thermophilic ethanol fermentation of wet-exploded wheat straw hydrolysate was investigated in a continuous immobilized reactor
system. The experiments were carried out in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor (FBR) at 70°C. Undetoxified wheat straw hydrolysate
was used (3–12% dry matter), corresponding to sugar mixtures of glucose and xylose ranging from 12 to 41 g/l. The organism,
thermophilic anaerobic bacterium Thermoanaerobacter BG1L1, exhibited significant resistance to high levels of acetic acid (up to 10 g/l) and other metabolic inhibitors present
in the hydrolysate. Although the hydrolysate was not detoxified, ethanol yield in a range of 0.39–0.42 g/g was obtained. Overall,
sugar efficiency to ethanol was 68–76%. The reactor was operated continuously for approximately 143 days, and no contamination
was seen without the use of any agent for preventing bacterial infections. The tested microorganism has considerable potential
to be a novel candidate for lignocellulose bioconversion into ethanol. The work reported here also demonstrates that the use
of FBR configuration might be a viable approach for thermophilic anaerobic ethanol fermentation. 相似文献
7.
BK Srivastava 《Pramana》2001,57(2-3):301-313
A systematic analysis of the multifragmentation (MF) in fully reconstructed events from 1A GeV Au, La and Kr collisions with C has been performed. Detailed comparisons of the various fragment properties are presented
as a function of excitation energy, E*th. The charged particle multiplicity from MF stage shows a saturation beyond E*th ∼ 8 MeV/nucleon for Kr. The universal behavior of intermediate mass fragment yields and of the size of the largest fragment
is observed only for Au and La when scaled with size of the system. The Kr data are found to lack this property. Moments of
the fragment size distribution show that the Kr MF is different than the MF of Au and La. A power law behavior is observed
for Au and La with exponent τ>2, while for Kr τ<2. The results are compared with the statistical multifragmentation model (SMM). A single value of all the parameters of
the model fits the data for all the three systems. The breakup of Au and La is consistent with a continuous phase transition.
The data indicate that both E*th and the isotope ratio temperature T
Hc-DT
decrease with increase in system size at the critical point. The breakup temperature obtained from SMM also shows the same
trend as seen in data. This trend is attributed primarily to the increasing Coulomb energy with finite size effects playing
a smaller role. The percolation and Ising model studies for finite size neutral matter show behavior which is opposite to
the one seen in the present work.
EOS Collaboration 相似文献
8.
Sørensen A Teller PJ Lübeck PS Ahring BK 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2011,164(7):1058-1070
Cellulosic ethanol production from biomass raw materials involves process steps such as pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis,
fermentation, and distillation. Use of streams within cellulosic ethanol production was explored for onsite enzyme production
as part of a biorefinery concept. Sixty-four fungal isolates were in plate assays screened for lignocellulolytic activities
to discover the most suitable fungal strain with efficient hydrolytic enzymes for lignocellulose conversion. Twenty-five were
selected for further enzyme activity studies using a stream derived from the bioethanol process. The filter cake left after
hydrolysis and fermentation was chosen as substrate for enzyme production. Five of the 25 isolates were further selected for
synergy studies with commercial enzymes, Celluclast 1.5L and Novozym 188. Finally, IBT25747 (Aspergillus niger) and strain AP (CBS 127449, Aspergillus saccharolyticus) were found as promising candidates for onsite enzyme production where the filter cake was inoculated with the respective
fungus and in combination with Celluclast 1.5L used for hydrolysis of pre-treated biomass. 相似文献
9.
Measurement of elastic and quasielastic reaction cross sections were done in 16O + 118Sn system at two different energies above the barrier. Attempts are being made to understand the results in the framework
of coupled reaction channel model. 相似文献
10.
Wheat straw was pretreated by wet explosion using three different oxidizing agents (H2O2, O2, and air). The effect of the pretreatment was evaluated based on glucose and xylose liberated during enzymatic hydrolysis.
The results showed that pretreatment with the use of O2 as oxidizing agent was the most efficient in enhancing overall convertibility of the raw material to sugars and minimizing
generation of furfural as a by-product. For scale-up of the process, high dry matter (DM) concentrations of 15–20% will be
necessary. However, high DM hydrolysis and fermentation are limited by high viscosity of the material, higher inhibition of
the enzymes, and fermenting microorganism. The wet-explosion pretreatment method enabled relatively high yields from both
enzymatic hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) to be obtained when performed on unwashed slurry
with 14% DM and a low enzyme loading of 10 FPU/g cellulose in an industrial acceptable time frame of 96 h. Cellulose and hemicellulose
conversion from enzymatic hydrolysis were 70 and 68%, respectively, and an overall ethanol yield from SSF was 68%. 相似文献