超微量铂、铑连续催化极谱测定及其催化波机理的探讨

确定以1.5N H_2SO_4-1.2%NH_4Cl-0.0012M(CH_2)_6N_4-0.003%N_2H_4·H_2SO_(4)为连续测定超微量铂、铑的催化极谱体系。铂、铑在此体系中同时分别产生峰电位103V和-1.27 V(对S.C.E.)的催化氢波。利用此两催化波可检出0.01 Ppb铂和0.0025 ppb铑在确定条件下,铂的浓度在0.05～1.0ppb范围内,铑的浓度在0.0025～0.10)ppb范围内的相应催化电流与它们的浓度间有良好的线性关系。铂、铑比为200∶1及1∶10时的测定互不干扰。研究产生铑催化波的机理,证明此波是体系中六次甲基四胺水解产物甲醛与[RhCl_6]~(3-)形成的配阴离子[Rh(CH_2O)_2Cl_4]~-催化氢离子放电的结果。证明铂催化波属催化氢波,其生成机理是:六次甲基四胺水解中间产物CH_2=NH或最终产物甲醛与硫酸肼反应生成的(CH_2-X)_2与[PtCl_6]~2-构成配阴离子[Pt(CH_2=N)_2Cl_5]~-催化氢离子放电的结果,并提出具有CH_2-N基的物质可使铂产生高灵敏度的催化波。由于硫酸肼能与催化体系中水解产物甲醛作用,既形成能产生铂催化波的(CH_2=N)_2,又能控制体系中甲醛量而有利于活性配合物[Rh(CH_2O)_2Cl_4]~-的形成,从而保持铑、铂催化波的稳定性。     

催化波在矿物原料分析中的应用——矿石中超微量铱的催化极谱测定

目前测定矿物中的铱多采用钵(Ⅳ)-砷(Ⅲ)体系催化比色法。铱在盐酸-硫脲-碘化钾的复合底液中可产生催化波,但仍未得到广泛应用。我们在资料的基础上进行试验,于原来介质中引人TeO_3~2时发现碲可加强铱的催化性能,不仅能提高测定铱的灵敏度,而且出现了尖陡的波峰(图1),波峰出现于碲波之后且与碲量有一定关系,即使没有硫脲存在也可产生催化波(图2)。     

催化极谱法同时测定岩石、矿物中微量钨和钼

关于钨和钼的催化极谱法测定已有许多文献报导。为了满足地球化学地质样品分析低达1ppm钨、钼的要求,本文着重研究了提高钨催化极谱测定灵敏度。在前人工作的基础上,提出在硫酸-二苯羟乙酸辛可宁8羟基喹啉-氯酸钾体系中进行钨钼连测。在该体系中钨、钼的峰电位分别约为-0.75伏和-0.45伏     

碲的极谱催化波及其应用

微量碲在含有铼(Ⅶ)、铜(Ⅱ)和氯化钠的硫酸溶液中可产生一个高灵敏度的催化氢渡。试验选择了产生催化氢波的适宜条件。表明此波有明显的表面吸附和动力特征。拟定了不经预先富集分离而直接测定岩石矿物中低至10~(-6)％微量碲的方法。方法简便,灵敏且重现性好。     

超微量铂丶铑连续催化极谱测定及其催化波机理的探讨

For simultaneous determination of ultramicro amounts of platinum and rhodium the optimum condition has been described as 1.5N H2SO4-1.2% NH4Cl-0.0012M (CH2)6N4-0.003% N2H4XH2SO4. Both platinum and rhodium produce hydrogen catalytic waves with peak potential at-1.03 V and - 1.27 V (vs. S. C. E.) and the peak height of differential wave in single-sweep polarograph is directly proportional to the concentration of the metals in the range from 0.05 ppb to 1.0 ppb for platinum and from 0.0025 ppb to 0.1ppb for rhodium, respectively. The influence of other platinum group metals and some base metals on the height of catalytic waves has been examined. It has been shown that the method is very selective. It is applied even at 200:1 or at 1:10 (Pt:Rh). The mechanism of the catalytic waves has been discussed. The catalytic waves of both platinum and rhodium are due to "surface catalytic wave of hydrogen". The wave of rhodium can be attributed to catalytic discharge of hydrogen ion by the complex (Rh(CH2O)2Cl4)-. One of the ligands, formaldehyde, is the product of hydrolysis of hexamethylenetetramine. The wave of plainum can be attributed to catalytic discharge of hydrogen ion by the complex (PtACl5)-, where a denotes intermediate product (a substance containing CH2=N group) formed during the hydrolysis of hexamethylenetetramine. The role of hydrazine sulfate in catalytic system has been shown. Hydzazine can react with formaldehyde to from (CH2=N)2 which promotes the growth of platinum catalytic wave and in this way the concentration of formaldehyde in the system can be controlled.